ORL-HNS training in South Africa     

Ranjan Raychowdhary 《Indian journal of otolaryngology and head and neck surgery》2007,59(2):191-193

An out line of the scheme of training specialists in Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (ORL-HNS) in South Africa is given and the difference with Indian training discussed  相似文献   

Changes in UK ORL-HNS training scheme: Does the Indian trainee have a place anymore?     

Dr. R. Ray Chowdhary 《Indian journal of otolaryngology and head and neck surgery》2007,59(1):76-77

The determination of the UK Government to modernise medical careers, the shortage of training jobs for local medical graduates, the establishment of the Postgraduate Medical Training and Education Board (PMETB) and European Union rules have combined to change the scheme of surgical training in the United Kingdom. In the opinion of the author, the Indian Otorhinolaryngological (ORL) trainee can no longer aspire to reasonable higher training in the UK.  相似文献   

Training and assessment of laparoscopic skills.     

Jeremy L Emken  Elspeth M Mcdougall  Ralph V Clayman 《JSLS, Journal of the Society of Laparoendoscopic Surgeons》2004,8(2):195-199

Laparoscopic surgery is gaining popularity among the surgical community. While its prevalence expands, the need for reliable training and assessment tools is becoming increasingly important. Laparoscopic skills are not an innate behavior, nor can they be easily mimicked, and can only be acquired through hands-on training. A consensus exists among physicians that establishment and evaluation of technical skill in surgical training programs are inadequate and in need of improvement. A validated, reliable bench model that could train and assess could be standardized and provide numerous benefits including determination of which medical students should consider a career in surgery, valuable feedback to residents, a tracking mechanism of resident performance, a possible certification and recertification tool, and to allow for interinstitutional comparison. To this end, several potentially successful bench models testing dexterity, hand-eye coordination, and depth perception have been developed. A few models have been proven to be both valid and reliable indicators of technical skill. Although the future remains uncertain, enough groundwork has been laid to begin incorporating technical skill training and assessment into surgical training programs.  相似文献   

H-reflexes are smaller in dancers from The Royal Danish Ballet than in well-trained athletes     

J. Nielsen  C. Crone  H. Hultborn 《European journal of applied physiology》1993,66(2):116-121

Summary The size of the maximalH-reflex (H _max) was measured at rest and expressed as a percentage of the maximalM-response (M _max) in 17 untrained subjects, 27 moderately trained subjects, 19 well-trained subjects and 7 dancers from the Royal Danish Ballet. TheH _max/M _max was significantly larger in the moderately and well-trained subjects than in the untrained subjects but smaller in the ballet dancers. It is therefore suggested that both the amount and the type of habitual activity may influence the excitability of spinal reflexes.  相似文献   

Learning,habituation, and training     

Roy J. Shephard 《European journal of applied physiology》1969,28(1):38-48

Summary The apparent efficiency of sub-maximum exercise tends to be lower in subjects with a large aerobic power. This is probably an artefact arising from neglect of the oxygen debt in the calculation of mechanical efficiency. Changes in the extent of oxygen debt can obscure an increased skill of performance with training. Efficiency is improved by repetition of a given mode of exercise, but not by other forms of training. Habituation is greater during work than at rest, but even during work the change in pulse rate of young men does not exceed 2–5 beats/min over 5 experimental days. Habituation is lost if the test procedure is not repeated during training; this can complicate assessments of training from the response to sub-maximum exercise.  相似文献   

Online-Kurs Notfallmedizin Kurrikulare Integration von Computer-based Training     

Dugas M  Demetz F  Christ F 《Der Anaesthesist》2000,49(10):881-886

Emergency medicine is characterized by rapid decision making to help patients in life-threatening situations. Teaching these skills requires a high level of interaction between medical students and the lecturer. We designed, implemented, and evaluated a generic computer-based training (CBT) system to provide a more active way of learning emergency medicine. The content of the training program is adapted to the knowledge of third year medical students and is focused on basic skills and real-world problems. The teacher presents the case with authentic video sequences and slides. The cases are classified into four groups: heart (e.g., myocardial infarction), respiration (e.g., asthma bronchiale), trauma (e.g., car accident), and loss of consciousness (e.g., coma). Within a realistic time frame, the students have to answer free text and multiple choice questions on a work-station. All answers given by the students are processed anonymously by the CBT system via a central server and displayed on a large video screen, thus enabling a detailed discussion without intimidation of individual students. This interactive technique allows for immediate feedback from the lecturer based on the specific knowledge of his group and his own experience. The IT concept, which is scalable to many subjects, is based on state of the art internet technology and therefore suitable for teleteaching. A major design objective for the program was a self-explaining and robust user interface. The system has been in routine use since 1998. We designed an evaluation form consisting of 21 items focused on subjective rating of learning success, acceptance of CBT, and technical feasibility. We analyzed forms from 138 students and found high scores for acceptance and learning success (median 5 on a 6-point scale). user problems with the program were denied (median 1 on a 6-point scale). Computer-based training with Internet technology can provide a successful method for interactive teaching of emergency medicine and is well accepted by students.  相似文献   

发育落后儿童经感觉统合训练后的粗大运动能力变化的临床分析     

朱晓芸  李惠  苏怡  侯方华  翟淳  朱默 《按摩与康复医学》2011,(29):8-9

目的：分析发育落后儿童经感觉统合训练后的粗大运动能力变化.方法：选择接受感觉统合训练的粗大运动发育落后儿童25例,训练期间接受过2次PDMS-GM评估,评估间隔6个月.用Peabody粗大运动发育评估（Peabody Development Measure Scale Gross Motor,PDMS-GM）的固定、移动和操作能区的原始得分进行分析.结果：PDMS-GM的固定能力分值和移动能力分值在两次评估结果间有显著性差异（P＜0.001）;而操作能力分值没有显著性差异（P＞0.05）.结论：经过6个月的感觉统合训练,粗大运动发育落后儿童固定和移动能力水平明显改善.  相似文献   

基于HACCP理论构建基层药品不良反应培训模式初探     

静芸芸  陈立 《齐鲁药事》2012,31(5):305-307

目的探索基层药品不良反应培训模式。方法通过引入HACCP理论,对当前基层药品不良反应培训过程中潜在的风险和危害进行识别、分析并采取有效措施加以预防控制。结果从培训师资、培训内容、培训方式等方面初步构建了基层药品不良反应培训模式。结论在培训过程中,注重抓住关键控制点,即培训内容要结合实际、培训对象要分层次、培训方式要有创新、培训效果要有长期性。  相似文献   

Shared learning in practice placements for health and social work students in East London: a feasibility study     

Alice Cook  Jean Davis  Lonica Vanclay 《Journal of interprofessional care》2013,27(2):185-190

A voluntary organisation providing family support and mental health services carried out an enquiry into the feasibility of setting up placements in primary care for students from professional qualifying courses in community nursing, social work and occupational therapy to experience shared practice learning in their placement. Consultation with a range of courses from two universities in London and with GP practices and other primary care agencies in East London established that there was wide support for the idea from practitioners, managers and academic teachers. It was recommended that a small number of pilot placements be set up. It was acknowledged that the diversity of placement requirements across the spectrum of professional education is a limiting factor in bringing students together for practice learning. The authors suggest that in the longer term, the development of an interprofessional approach to practice learning will require structural changes to professional courses so as to bring their placement requirements more into line with each other.  相似文献   

Design principles for the use of simulation as an aid in interventional cardiology training     

D. W. Shaffer  S. L. Dawson  D. Meglan  S. Cotin  M. Ferrell  A. Norbash 《Minimally invasive therapy & allied technologies》2013,22(2):75-82

Learning complex skills through simulation is a goal for training physicians in specialties such as interventional cardiology, where traditional training puts patients at risk. Intuitively, interactive simulation of anatomy, pathology and therapeutic actions should lead to shortening of the learning curve for novice or inexperienced physicians. An accurate recreation of the interactions among anatomy, pathology and therapeutic actions is a necessary, but not sufficient, condition for the development of a simulation-based training system. In addition to real-time graphic interactivity coupled with haptic response, a successful training tool will require features of a 'learning system' such as: an embedded curriculum, functionality that allows rehearsal and practice, hypertext links to educational information, personal archiving, and instructor review and testing capabilities. We describe how such a system might look for the field of interventional cardiology, and suggest that designing a simulation with both technical and pedagogical fidelity is essential in developing simulation-based training systems in any field of medicine.  相似文献