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1.
目的了解门诊患儿家长对雾化吸入疗法的认知水平,认同度及知识需求情况,为制定有效的健康教育方法,提高患儿家长护理满意度提供参考依据。方法本研究为横断面研究。采用便利抽样法,选取2020年3月—2021年3月在清华大学附属北京清华长庚医院儿科门诊进行雾化吸入治疗的260名患儿家长为研究对象,采用自制的雾化吸入疗法相关知识调查问卷对其进行调查。结果本研究共发放问卷260份,回收有效问卷243份,有效回收率为93.5%。患儿家长雾化吸入疗法认知总分为(50.33±8.38)分;雾化吸入疗法态度总分为(17.86±2.61)分;31.7%(77/243)的患儿家长认为自己非常需要得到雾化吸入疗法相关知识;58.4%(142/243)的患儿家长认为自己需要得到雾化吸入疗法相关知识;67.9%(165/243)的患儿家长首选通过当面演示方式获取雾化吸入疗法相关知识。结论门诊患儿家长对雾化吸入疗法的认同度较高,希望得到相关知识的宣教。护理人员应主要采取当面演示,并辅以视频及宣教手册等方式对患儿家长进行健康宣教,以提高患儿家长护理满意度。  相似文献   
2.
背景 儿科医生经常面临父母和教师对孩子行为问题报告不一致的情况,但既往关于父母和教师对学龄前儿童行为问题评估的研究较少。 目的 调查重庆市主城区学龄前儿童行为问题的现状,探讨父母及教师对学龄前儿童行为问题评估的一致性及差异。 方法 于2018年6月,采用分层整群抽样法,在重庆市主城区幼儿园抽取学龄前儿童2 698例。儿童家长填写Conners父母用症状问卷(PSQ),教师填写Conners教师量表(TRS),比较基于PSQ和TRS的行为问题检出情况。 结果 最终纳入问卷被有效回收的学龄前儿童2 660例(98.59%)。基于PSQ的儿童行为问题检出率为14.47%(385/2 660),男童高于女童〔17.91%(245/1 368)比10.84%(140/1 292),P<0.001〕;基于TRS的儿童行为问题检出率为4.44%(118/2 660),男童亦高于女童〔6.29%(86/1 368)比2.48%(32/1 292),P<0.001〕。PSQ中,男童在学习问题、心身问题、多动指数上的检出率高于女童(P<0.05);TRS中,男童在品行问题、多动指数上的检出率高于女童(P<0.05)。PSQ中,男童在品行问题、学习问题、冲动-多动问题、多动指数4个因子上的得分高于女童(P<0.05);TRS中,男童在品行问题、多动问题、注意力不集中-被动问题、多动指数4个因子上的得分高于女童(P<0.05)。Spearman秩相关分析结果显示:在男童中,TRS中品行问题、注意力不集中-被动问题、多动指数得分与PSQ中品行问题、学习问题、冲动-多动问题、多动指数得分呈正相关,TRS中多动问题得分与PSQ中品行问题、冲动-多动问题、多动指数得分呈正相关(rs值为0.056~0.113,P<0.05),TRS中多动问题得分与PSQ中焦虑问题得分呈负相关(rs=-0.059,P<0.05);在女童中,TRS中各因子得分与PSQ中各因子得分无相关关系(P>0.05)。 结论 家长反映的学龄前儿童行为问题检出率较教师高,家长及教师对学龄前儿童行为问题的评估虽然存在一定差异,但在品行问题、多动方面的评估一致性较好。  相似文献   
3.
PurposeDelivering quality health care requires effective communication between health care providers and their patients. Nurse-patient effective communication remains a challenge in Ghana, despite criticism and concern expressed by the public. The study, therefore, aims to assess the effective nurse caregivers’ communication practices among pediatric nurses at Pentecost Hospital, Madina.MethodsA qualitative exploratory and purposive sampling technique were used. Participants were engaged in Focus group discussions or face-to-face interviews. In all, 4 focus group discussions were conducted with 7 participants in each group and 15 face-face in-depth interviews, with a total sample size of 43. The data was content analyzed. Interviews were taped recorded and transcribed verbatim.ResultsThe data analysis yielded 3 themes and 11 subthemes. The main themes were: effective communication practices, factors influencing effective communication, and attitudes towards effective communication. The study revealed how the participants communicated with patients who are deaf-mute, anxious, and those who refused treatment. In addition, participants reported how they used techniques such as silence, listening, and leading cues in communicating with patients and their relatives.ConclusionEffective communication between pediatric nurses, patients, and their parents is ascertained to be a key tool in the delivery of quality health care. However, several factors are found to hinder this therapeutic communication. Hence, further studies are needed to improve effective communication skills among pediatric nurses and their patients to enhance health care for children.  相似文献   
4.
ObjectiveThe goal of this study was to evaluate the quality of life of parents of children who use hearing aids (HA) with those who use cochlear implants (CI) in the Indian context and document any differences found.MethodsThe Kannada version of the AQoL-4D was administered in a modified fashion to 131 parents (87 HA and 44 CI). Sociodemographic details were collected for supplemental information on the intervention strategy used.ResultsA total of 49 parents (29 HA and 20 CI) responded to the questionnaire sent. The mean total scores for both the groups were similar (HA group = 17.9 (SD = 5.5), CI group = 17.2 (SD = 3.4)), as was the score for the first subscale (HA group = 8.6 (SD = 2.9); CI group = 8.5 (SD = 2.6)) of the AQoL-4D. No significant differences were found between the two groups on either scores [Total Score: U (NHA = 29, NCI = 20) = 280.5, z = ?0.194, p > 0.05; Subscale 1 Score: U (NHA = 29, NCI = 20) = 281.5, z = ?0.176, p > 0.05]. The degree of hearing loss in the hearing aid group was equivalent to that of the cochlear implant group but this did not appear to influence parental quality of life.ConclusionParents of children with hearing aids and cochlear implants appear to be similar on several psychosocial factors in the realms of functional, social, and psychological well-being. In terms of parental quality of life, hearing aids and cochlear implants appear to be equally effective intervention techniques.  相似文献   
5.
ObjectivePreterm infants are subjected to numerous painful procedures during their neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) hospitalization. Despite advancements in pain alleviation, nurses remain challenged to provide timely and effective pain management for preterm infants. Greater understanding of the lived experience of nurses caring for preterm infants in pain could provide novel insights to improve pain management for this vulnerable population. The aim of this meta-ethnography was to synthesize and interpret qualitative findings of nurses’ experiences of taking care of preterm infants in pain.MethodsAn extensive literature search in PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Scopus, BIOSIS and ProQuest Dissertation and Theses Database was conducted, including studies within the past 10 years. Two nursing researchers conducted data extraction and analysis independently. Inclusion criteria were applied to search for qualitative studies of nurse participants who worked in the NICU taking care of preterm infants. Studies published in a language other than English, articles that did not include qualitative data and qualitative data that could not be extracted from the findings or did not discuss nurses’ experiences were excluded. Critical Appraisal Skills Programme was used for literature quality evaluation.ResultsEight studies remained after further screening according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. These eight studies were conducted from 2013 to 2018 and totally enrolled 205 nurses from Iran, Canada, the United States, Finland, Sweden, Switzerland, and Australia. Five themes emerged on the nurses’ perspectives of taking care of preterm infants in pain: 1) They sense the neonatal pain; 2) Adverse consequences of unrelieved pain; 3) Barriers of managing pain; 4) Concerns of available approaches for pain relief; 5) Failure to work with parents.ConclusionsThis meta-ethnography identified nurses’ understanding of pain in preterm infants that can be assessed, and they acknowledged that unrelieved pain could cause developmental deficits in infants. The barriers are lack of training and support on pain assessment and intervention in preterm infants. Optimizing workload and environment, developing age-specified pain assessment and intervention, receiving emotional support and training, and building up a rapport with parents are urgent needs for nurses to provide better care to infants having pain.  相似文献   
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7.
Background: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common malignancy in children. Differentenvironmental factors might be effective in the occurrence of this malignancy during childhood. The aim of this studywas to find environmental risk factors in childhood ALL in Hamadan, Iran. Methods: This case-control study wasdone in 2015-2018 on 125 children younger than 15 years of age suffering from ALL. Patients were matched with130 controls with respect to age, gender, and residence location. The identification of risk factors for ALL was soughtbased on the comparison of studied variables between case and control individuals. Results: A statistically significantincreased risk for ALL was found with regard to type of delivery (OR: 0.43, 95% CI: 0.20 - 0.92, p˂0.02), childcare(OR: 4.58, 95% CI: 0.95 - 22.20, p˂0.04), birth weight (OR: 1.44, 95% CI: 1.53 - 2.21, p˂0.006), father’s educationlevel (OR: 2.67, 95% CI: 1.10 - 6.45, p˂0.02), and father’s job (OR: 0.2 95% CI: 0.08 - 0.51, p˂0.001). Also observedwere increased odds for ALL regarding male gender, mother’s high education level, mother’s freelance job, and mediumor high family income. No association with ALL incidence was observed for age, gender, breastfeeding, mother’s ageat pregnancy, malignancy in first- or second-degree relatives, or mother’s use of hair dye during pregnancy (p> 0.05).Conclusion: This study showed that father’s education level, father’s job, delivery type, birth weight, and childcarecan play a role in the incidence of childhood ALL.  相似文献   
8.
《Brain & development》2022,44(10):655-663
BackgroundParent education (PE) in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is recognized as an important component of support for families living with ASD. Specifically, the knowledge of how to interact with children based on applied behavior analysis (ABA) is useful for parents. In this study, a short-term, internet based on-demand PE program was conducted for parents of children with ASD to acquire knowledge of ABA and basic teaching techniques.MethodsParents of children with ASD were recruited as study participants. They attended on-demand lectures from their homes, performed homework tasks based on lecture content and emailed them to our team. The General Health Questionnaire 30 (GHQ) and Knowledge of Behavioral Principle as Applied to Children (KBPAC) were assessed before and after the program.ResultsOf the 25 participants, 21 attended all programs and completed all homework tasks and pre- and post-assessments. However, communication among participants via the bulletin board was low. KBPAC scores increased significantly from pre- to post-program scores, and GHQ subscales regarding anxiety and mood modulation decreased significantly from pre- to post-program scores. Positive results were obtained in the post-questionnaires as well.ConclusionThese findings suggest the practical applicability of an online PE program for parents of children with ASD based on ABA.  相似文献   
9.
目的 了解张家港市儿童家长对预防接种门诊服务的满意度,发现存在的问题,为提高预防接种服务质量提供依据。方法 对张家港市20家预防接种门诊的629名儿童家长进行满意度问卷调查,对数据进行单因素方差分析和t检验统计分析。结果 儿童家长对预防接种服务总体满意率96.82%,满意度平均得分4.59分;满意度与职业有关联,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),与年龄、户籍、性别、学历和收入无关,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。在预防接种门诊基本情况方面,儿童家长对接种服务流程满意率最高(95.55%),对等候时间满意率最低(81.09%);接种疫苗前儿童家长对下次预约方式满意率最高(97.46%),对二类疫苗品种告知满意率最低(80.92%);接种疫苗后儿童家长对留观30分钟满意率最低(88.24%)。结论 儿童家长对预防接种服务总体满意率较高,但仍有进一步完善和提升的空间,尤其是在等候时间和二类疫苗品种告知等方面有待改善;还应提供更多人性化服务,提高儿童家长对预防接种服务的满意度。  相似文献   
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