Further evidence of dopamine transporter dysregulation in ADHD: a controlled PET imaging study using altropane.   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

Thomas J Spencer  Joseph Biederman  Bertha K Madras  Darin D Dougherty  Ali A Bonab  Elijahu Livni  Peter C Meltzer  Jessica Martin  Scott Rauch  Alan J Fischman 《Neuropsychopharmacology》2007,62(9):1059-1061

BACKGROUND: The dopamine transporter (DAT) is known to be a key regulator of dopamine, and recent studies of genetics, treatment, and imaging have highlighted the role of DAT in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The findings of in vivo neuroimaging of DAT in ADHD have been somewhat discrepant, however. METHOD: Dopamine transporter binding was measured using a highly selective ligand (C-11 altropane) and positron emission tomography (PET). The sample consisted of 47 well-characterized, treatment-na?ve, nonsmoking, non-comorbid adults with and without ADHD. Additionally, control subjects had few symptoms of ADHD. RESULTS: Results showed significantly increased DAT binding in the right caudate in adults with ADHD compared with matched control subjects without this disorder. CONCLUSIONS: These results confirm abnormal DAT binding in the striatum of adults with ADHD and provide further support that dysregulation of DAT may be an important component of the pathophysiology of ADHD.  相似文献   

ENDOSCOPIC MICROVASCULAR ARCHITECTURE OF THE PORTAL HYPERTENSIVE GASTRIC MUCOSA ON NARROW BAND IMAGING     

Seishu Hayashi  Shunichi Saeki 《Digestive endoscopy》2007,19(3):116-123

Background: We evaluated the endoscopic microvascular architecture of the gastric mucosa in portal hypertension patients using the prototype of narrow band imaging (NBI). Material and Methods: The study included 103 Helicobacter pylori‐negative patients with chronic liver disease (22 without portal hypertension (group 1), 81 with portal hypertension (group 2)). Results: (i) Abnormality of collecting venules, reddening mucosa, red spots, a mosaic‐like pattern, and gastric antral vascular ectasia (GAVE) were observed on the gastric mucosa, and an obscure change in collecting venules (73% vs 14%; P < 0.001), reddening mucosa (49% vs 5%; P < 0.001), red spots (36% vs 5%; P < 0.01) and a mosaic‐like pattern (40% vs 5%; P < 0.01) were more frequently observed in group 2 than in group 1. (ii) On magnifying endoscopy with NBI, the mucosa with an obscure change in collecting venules was demonstrated as dilation of the capillaries surrounding the gastric pits in various degrees, and reddening mucosa was observed as extended and swollen gastric pits and various degrees of dilated and convoluted capillaries surrounding the gastric pits. Red spots were demonstrated as extended and swollen gastric pits, dilated and convoluted capillaries surrounding the gastric pits, and intramucosal hemorrhage around these capillaries. GAVE was recognized as partial and marked dilatation of the capillaries surrounding the gastric pits. Conclusion: Abnormality of collecting venules, swelling of gastric pits, dilatation of capillaries surrounding the gastric pits, intramucosal hemorrhage around capillaries, and partial and marked dilatation of the capillaries were observed on the gastric mucosa in portal hypertension patients.  相似文献   

Cerebral type 2 astroglia are heterogeneous with respect to their ability to respond to neuroligands linked to calcium mobilization.     

V Dave  G W Gordon  K D McCarthy 《Glia》1991,4(5):440-447

Very little information is available concerning the pharmacology of type 2 astroglia. During the past decade it has become apparent that two distinct lineages of astroglial cells can be defined in vitro. These two lineages are commonly referred to as type 1 and type 2 and are distinguished from each other on the basis of their morphological features and antigenic phenotypes. In contrast to type 1 astroglia, very little is known about the pharmacology of type 2 astroglia. The lack of information concerning the responsiveness of these cells stems primarily from difficulties encountered in isolating large numbers of type 2 astroglia free of other cell types. In the present study video- and photometer-based imaging systems were used to monitor the influence of a series of neuroligands on the intracellular calcium levels of individual cerebral type 2 astroglia in order to assess their expression of calcium-mobilizing receptors. The responses of 85 immunocytochemically identified cerebral type 2 astroglia to bradykinin (BK), norepinephrine (NE), histamine (HIST), carbachol (CARB), 2-methyl-thio ATP (2MT-ATP), glutamate (GLUT), and serotonin (5-HT) were analyzed. Approximately 50% of cerebral type 2 astroglia responded to BK, NE, HIST, CARB, and 2MT-ATP whereas only 16% and 9% of the cells responded to GLUT and 5-HT, respectively. The number of neuroligands that increased calcium in individual cells ranged from 0 to 6. These responses are quite similar to those previously demonstrated in cultured cerebral type 1 astroglia. No pattern of receptor co-expression was observed for the different neuroligands tests.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  相似文献   

ENDOSCOPIC OBSERVATION OF MUCOSAL SPREAD LESION OF CHOLANGIOCARCINOMA USING PERORAL CHOLANGIOSCOPY WITH NARROW BAND IMAGING     

Yoshinori Igarashi  Naoki Okano  Ken Ito  Takahiko Mimura  Kazumasa Miki 《Digestive endoscopy》2007,19(Z1):S109-S114

A 69‐year‐old man was admitted to Toho University Omori Medical Center complaining of icterus. Abdominal computed tomography, magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography were suspicious of cholangioma of inferior bile duct. Peroral cholangioscopy using narrow band imaging (NBI) was performed and it was possible to diagnose the mucosal spread lesions of cholangioma. Histological findings reflected the endoscopic findings. Mucosal spread lesions of cholangiocarcinoma were successfully diagnosed using the CHF‐B260 for NBI.  相似文献   

Myocardial perfusion imaging and cardiac events in a cohort of asymptomatic patients with diabetes living in southern France.     

A Sultan  C Piot  D Mariano-Goulart  J P Daures  F Comte  E Renard  A Avignon 《Diabetic medicine》2006,23(4):410-418

AIMS: To assess the association between abnormal stress myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) and cardiac events (CE) in asymptomatic patients with diabetes and with > or = 1 additional risk factor. Predictors of abnormal stress MPI were also evaluated. METHODS: Four hundred and forty-seven consecutive patients who underwent stress MPI were prospectively followed for 2.1 [0.5-4.1] years for the subsequent occurrence of hard CE (myocardial infarction and sudden or coronary death) and soft CE (unstable angina and ischaemic heart failure requiring hospitalization). Re-vascularization procedures performed as a result of the screening protocol were not included in the analysis. RESULTS: Follow-up was successful in 419 of 447 patients (94%), of whom 71 had abnormal MPI at baseline. Medical therapy was intensified in all subjects and especially in those with abnormal MPI. Twenty-three patients with abnormal MPI underwent a re-vascularization procedure. CEs occurred in 14 patients, including six of 71 patients (8.5%) with abnormal MPI and eight of 348 patients (2.3%) with normal MPI (P < 0.005). Only two patients developed a hard CE and 12 a soft CE. In multivariate analysis, abnormal MPI was the strongest predictor for CEs [odds ratio (OR) (95% CI) = 5.6 (1.7-18.5)]. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol > or = 3.35 mmol/l [OR (95% CI) = 7.3; 1.5-34.7] and age > median [OR (95% CI) = 6.0 (1.2-28.6)] were additional independent predictors for CE. The independent predictors for abnormal MPI were male gender, plasma triglycerides > or = 1.70 mmol/l, creatinine clearance < 60 ml/min and HbA1c > 8%, with male gender the strongest [OR (95% CI) = 4.0 (1.8-8.8)]. CONCLUSIONS: Asymptomatic patients with diabetes in this study had a very low hard cardiac event rate over an intermediate period. This could be explained by the effects of intervention or by the low event rate in the background population. Randomized studies of cardiac heart disease screening are required in asymptomatic subjects with diabetes to determine the effectiveness of this intervention.  相似文献   

Neurosarcoma of the face: MRI     

J. E. Cabay  J. Collignon  R. F. Dondelinger  V. Lens 《Neuroradiology》1997,39(10):747-750

Neurosarcoma is a rare tumour originating from the sheath of peripheral nerves. Facial lesions have been reported in about 20 patients. We describe the MRI appearances of neurosarcoma with histological correlation in three patients. The lesions lay in the submandibular region, the left parapharyngeal space and the right orbit. MRI showed a well-defined mass with mixed components. The lesions were moderately heterogeneous on T1-weighted images in two cases and on T2-weighted images in all cases. Gadolinium enhancement occurred in all cases to variable degrees. In two cases, small high signal foci were seen on T2-weighted sequences. MRI appearances of neurosarcoma are not specific. Received: 3 September 1996 Accepted: 26 November 1996  相似文献   

High resolution electron paramagnetic resonance imaging of biological samples with a single line paramagnetic label     

Periannan Kuppusamy  Penghai Wang  Michael Chzhan  Jay L. Zweier 《Magnetic resonance in medicine》1997,37(4):479-483

The application of electron paramagnetic resonance imaging (EPRI) to obtain information from biological samples has been limited by the lack of ideal single line radical labels. The commonly used nitroxides exhibit multiple lines causing either hyperfine-based limitations in the maximum obtainable image resolution or hyperfine-based artifacts in the reconstructed image. The use of a novel single-line triarylmethyl paramagnetic label that enables marked enhancement in image quality and resolution is reported. This label exhibits a single line EPR spectrum that is sharp (linewidth ～60 mG in the absence of oxygen) and relatively stable in tissues. The potential of this label in enabling high resolution EPR imaging of biological samples was demonstrated in a series of phantoms and isolated biological organs such as the rat kidney. The images demonstrate that resolutions better than 100 μm could be obtained at L-band on samples of up to 20 mm in size.  相似文献   

Effect of magnetic field on pineal gland volume and pinealocyte size in the rat     

Shoji Matsushima  Yuko Sakai  Yoshiki Hira  Masamichi Kato  Tsukasa Shigemitsu  Yoichi Shiga 《Journal of pineal research》1993,14(3):145-150

Abstract: Light microscopic observations on the superficial pineal gland of Wistar-King rats were made to examine whether or not pineal volume and pinealocyte size, expressed as nuclear density, at daytime or nighttime are affected by long-term exposure to 50 Hz rotating magnetic field (MF) at 5.0 μT. Determinations of pineal volume and pinealocyte size were repeated twice (April and October) during the year. Size of pinealocytes in MF-exposed and sham-exposed rats exhibited, in addition to the difference between peripheral and central regions, regional differences in a proximodistal direction; pinealocytes in the distal and middle-peripheral regions were usually larger than those in the proximal and middle-central regions at daytime or nighttime. In October, distal and proximal pinealocytes showed significant day-night changes in size in sham-exposed rats, but not in MF-exposed animals. The situations in the two groups were almost reversed in April. Significant day-night differences were scarcely found in pinealocyte size in the middle region in the two groups. Throughout the study, pineal volume and pinealocyte size in each region were generally the same between MF-exposed and sham-exposed rats at daytime or nighttime. The results suggest that pinealocytes in the distal and proximal regions, but not those in the middle region, are affected by MF-exposure; day-night differences in sizes of distal and proximal pinealocytes appear in April and disappear in October under the influence of MF. MF may exert an effect on mechanisms controlling day-night rhythms of pinealocyte size in the rat.  相似文献   

Normal intracortical excitability in developmental stuttering.     

Martin Sommer  Stephan Wischer  Frithjof Tergau  Walter Paulus 《Movement disorders》2003,18(7):826-830

Persistent developmental stuttering (PDS) shares clinical features with task-specific dystonias. In these dystonias, intracortical inhibition is abnormally weak. We therefore sought to determine intracortical inhibition and intracortical facilitation in PDS. In 18 subjects with PDS since childhood (mean age, 39.4 [SD 13.0] years) and 18 speech-fluent controls (43.6 [14.3] years), we investigated resting and active motor thresholds as well as intracortical inhibition and facilitation of the optimal representation of the abductor digiti minimi of the dominant hand using transcranial magnetic stimulation. In PDS, the resting and active motor thresholds were increased, whereas intracortical inhibition and facilitation were normal. Normal intracortical excitability makes a pathophysiological analogy between focal dystonia and PDS less likely. The enhanced motor threshold suggests reduced motor cortical neuronal membrane excitability in PDS.  相似文献   

ENDOSCOPY ASSISTED REMOVAL OF FERROMAGNETIC COINS WITH NOVEL MAGNETIC INSTRUMENT     

Sandeep Nijhawan  Mukul Rastogi  Ashish Joshi  Atul Shende  Manish Tandon  Dinesh Singla  Amit Mathur  Subhash Nepalia  Ramesh Roop Rai 《Digestive endoscopy》2007,19(2):80-82

Background: Ingestion of coins is a common clinical problem in children. Many of the coins are ferromagnetic and can be retrieved with the help of a magnet. We describe the use of a novel endoscopic accessory for removing ferromagnetic coins. Material and methods: Two magnet discs of 1.5 cm diameter were joined to a 200 cm steel wire of 0.75 mm thickness with a terminal 5 cm spring. A Teflon tube (160 cm, 7 F) was used along with this instrument as a sleeve. The use of this accessory was analyzed prospectively in subjects presenting with a history of coin ingestion. The time taken for removal of coins, complications during the procedure and failure rate was noted. Effect of the magnet on cardiac rhythm was also noted during the procedure. Results: A total of 55 children (mean age 5.1 ± 2.3 years) with coin ingestion presented over a period of 1 year. Forty‐four coins were ferromagnetic. All ferromagnetic coins were removed successfully. Mean time for removal was 68 ± 22 s. No complications were encountered. Conclusion: The novel magnetic instrument is precise, safe and quick for the removal of ferromagnetic coins under direct vision.  相似文献