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1.
Matsui H Nishinaka K Oda M Niikawa H Komatsu K Kubori T Udaka F 《Acta neurologica Scandinavica》2007,116(2):108-112
INTRODUCTION: It is generally assumed that executive dysfunctions in Parkinson's disease (PD) are caused by degeneration of the basal ganglia or frontal cortex or both. However, there have been few studies investigating the relationship between executive dysfunctions and cerebral pathological change. The objective of this study was to evaluate various cognitive functions in non-demented patients with PD, and to compare the fractional anisotropy (FA) values of PD patients with and without executive dysfunction. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-one consecutive non-demented patients with PD were enrolled in this study. Patients were divided into two groups on the basis of their Wisconsin Card Sorting Test score. RESULTS: There was significant FA reduction in the left parietal white matter in the group in which the number of categories achieved was 2. CONCLUSION: Accumulating evidence suggests that conventional 'frontal' tasks correlate with both frontal lobe and parietal lobe function, and we suggest that pathological changes in the left parietal lobe may cause, in part, disturbances in executive tasks in PD. 相似文献
2.
Matsui H Nishinaka K Oda M Niikawa H Kubori T Udaka F 《Acta neurologica Scandinavica》2007,116(3):177-181
OBJECTIVE: Dementia occurs frequently in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the nature of the dementing process remains controversial. We evaluated various cognitive functions in patients with PD, compared fractional anisotropy (FA) values between PD patients with and without dementia. METHODS: Thirty-seven consecutive patients with Hoehn-Yahr stage III or IV PD participated in this study. Patients were divided into two groups: (i) PD with dementia group (PDD) and (ii) PD without dementia group (PDND). There were 11 PDD and 26 PDND cases. Ten controls were also studied. RESULTS: The PDD group showed significant FA reduction in the bilateral posterior cingulate bundles compared with PDND. FA values in the left posterior cingulate bundle showed significant correlations with many cognitive parameters. INTERPRETATION: Our results showed that the posterior cingulate areas play some important roles in the dementing process in PDD. However, as the pathological processes responsible for dementia in PD patients may be multifaceted, further studies are necessary. 相似文献
3.
Thivard L Tanguy ML Adam C Clémenceau S Dezamis E Lehéricy S Dormont D Chiras J Baulac M Dupont S 《Epilepsia》2007,48(3):599-604
PURPOSE: To search for a recovery after surgery of mean diffusivity (MD) values in the contralateral nonsclerotic hippocampus of patients with medial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) and hippocampal sclerosis (HS). METHODS: Twenty-four MTLE patients (12 right-sided and 12 left-sided MTLE) and 36 healthy volunteers were investigated using diffusion tensor imaging. A region-of-interest approach was used to measure pre- and postoperative interictal hippocampal MD values in patients. RESULTS: Diffusion abnormalities in contralateral nonsclerotic hippocampus recovered after surgery (p<0.0001). A subgroup of 14 patients exhibited a clear increase in MD values whereas the remaining 10 patients were stable. No significant difference was found between the two subgroups for each of the electroclinical data studied including early postoperative outcome, all patients being either seizure free or with rare persistent auras. CONCLUSIONS: This finding suggests that diffusion abnormalities in contralateral hippocampus may represent a functional mechanism linked to the active epileptic process. 相似文献
4.
Evaluation of subcortical white matter and deep white matter tracts in malformations of cortical development 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Widjaja E Blaser S Miller E Kassner A Shannon P Chuang SH Snead OC Raybaud CR 《Epilepsia》2007,48(8):1460-1469
AIMS: Abnormal cortical development will lead to abnormal axons in white matter. The purpose was to investigate (1) the microstructural changes in subcortical white matter adjacent to malformations of cortical development (MCD) and (2) the deep white matter tracts using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). METHODS: Thirteen children with a variety of MCD were recruited. The fractional anisotropy (FA), trace, and eigenvalues (lambdamajor, lambdamedium, lambdaminor) of subcortical white matter of MCD were compared with contralateral normal side. The deep white matter tracts were graded based on the size, color hues and displacement of the tracts as visualized on color vector maps and tractography; grade 1 was normal tract size and color hue, grade 2 was reduced tract size but preserved color hue and grade 3 was loss of color hue or failure of tracking on tractography. RESULTS: The subcortical white matter adjacent to abnormal cortex demonstrated reduced FA (p < 0.05) and tendency to increase trace (p = 0.06). There was a significant elevation in lambdamedium and lambdaminor (p < 0.05), but no significant change in lambdamajor (p > 0.05). Twelve cases demonstrated alteration in white matter tracts. Seven cases of focal cortical dysplasia and two cases of transmantle MCD demonstrated grade 3 pattern of white matter tract. CONCLUSION: Reduced FA is a sensitive but nonspecific marker of alteration in microstructure of white matter. The elevated lambdamedium and lambdaminor may reflect a dominant effect of abnormal myelin. Alteration in white matter tracts was observed in most cases of MCD. 相似文献
5.
PURPOSE: Bilateral white matter diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) abnormalities have been reported in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and unilateral mesial temporal sclerosis (MTS), but it is unknown whether these are functional or structural changes. We performed a longitudinal study in patients with unilateral MTS who were seizure-free for 1 year after surgery to determine whether the observed presurgical white matter diffusion abnormalities were reversible. METHODS: Eight TLE patients with unilateral MTS who were seizure-free after anterior temporal resection and 22 healthy subjects were recruited. DTI was performed before surgery and at 1-year follow-up. Tractography and region-of-interest (ROI) analyses were performed in the fornix, cingulum, genu, and splenium of the corpus callosum and external capsules. Diffusion tensor parameters were compared between groups and before and after surgery in the patient group. RESULTS: The fornix, cingulum, and external capsules showed preoperative bilateral abnormal diffusion parameters (i.e., decreased diffusion anisotropy and increased mean and perpendicular diffusivities). The fornix and cingulum ipsilateral to the resected mesial temporal structures showed signs of wallerian degeneration at 1-year follow-up. The contralateral tracts of the fornix, cingulum, and external capsules, as well as the genu of the corpus callosum, failed to show a normalization of their diffusion parameters. CONCLUSIONS: The irreversibility of the white matter DTI abnormalities on seizure freedom suggests underlying structural abnormalities (e.g., axonal/myelin degradation) as opposed to functional changes (e.g., fluid shifts due to seizures) in the white matter. 相似文献
6.
Mac Donald CL Dikranian K Song SK Bayly PV Holtzman DM Brody DL 《Experimental neurology》2007,205(1):116-131
Traumatic axonal injury (TAI) is thought to be a major contributor to cognitive dysfunction following traumatic brain injury (TBI), however TAI is difficult to diagnose or characterize non-invasively. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) has shown promise in detecting TAI, but direct comparison to histologically-confirmed axonal injury has not been performed. In the current study, mice were imaged with DTI, subjected to a moderate cortical controlled impact injury, and re-imaged 4-6 h and 24 h post-injury. Axonal injury was detected by amyloid beta precursor protein (APP) and neurofilament immunohistochemistry in pericontusional white matter tracts. The severity of axonal injury was quantified using stereological methods from APP stained histological sections. Two DTI parameters - axial diffusivity and relative anisotropy - were significantly reduced in the injured, pericontusional corpus callosum and external capsule, while no significant changes were seen with conventional MRI in these regions. The contusion was easily detectable on all MRI sequences. Significant correlations were found between changes in relative anisotropy and the density of APP stained axons across mice and across subregions spanning the spatial gradient of injury. The predictive value of DTI was tested using a region with DTI changes (hippocampal commissure) and a region without DTI changes (anterior commissure). Consistent with DTI predictions, there was histological detection of axonal injury in the hippocampal commissure and none in the anterior commissure. These results demonstrate that DTI is able to detect axonal injury, and support the hypothesis that DTI may be more sensitive than conventional imaging methods for this purpose. 相似文献
7.
Speed of lexical decision correlates with diffusion anisotropy in left parietal and frontal white matter: evidence from diffusion tensor imaging 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Speed of visual word recognition is an important variable affecting linguistic competence. Although speed of visual word recognition varies widely between individuals, the neural basis of reaction time (RT) differences is poorly understood. Recently, a magnetic resonance technique called diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) has been shown to provide information about white matter (WM) microstructure in vivo. Here, we used DTI to explore whether visual word recognition RT correlates with regional fractional anisotropy (FA) values in the WM of healthy young adults. Participants completed a speeded lexical decision task that involved visual input, linguistic processes, and a motor response output. Results indicated that lexical decision RT was correlated negatively with FA in WM of inferior parietal and frontal language regions rather than in WM of visual or motor regions. Voxels within the inferior parietal and frontal correlation clusters were composed primarily of DTI-based tracts oriented in the anterior-posterior orientation at or near the superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF) and likely including other smaller association fibers. These results provide new microstructural evidence demonstrating that speed of lexical decision is associated with the degree to which portions of frontal and parietal WM are directionally oriented. 相似文献
8.
Matsui H Nishinaka K Oda M Niikawa H Komatsu K Kubori T Udaka F 《Journal of neurology》2007,254(9):1170-1173
Abstract
Objectives
The pathophysiology of depression and anxiety in Parkinson's disease remains obscure. We aimed to compare the fractional anisotropy
(FA) values of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients with and without depression to investigate the nature of depression in PD.
Methods
Twenty-eight patients were divided into two groups: those with depression and those without. Diagnosis of depression was made
using the DSM-IV criteria. Patients in the two groups were matched for Hoehn Yahr stage.
Results
There were significant reductions in FA values in the bilateral frontal ROIs possibly representing anterior cingulate bundles.
Conclusions
The anterior cingulate bundles play an important role in depression in PD, and some aspects of depression in PD have pathological
processes in common with de novo depression. 相似文献
9.
White T Kendi AT Lehéricy S Kendi M Karatekin C Guimaraes A Davenport N Schulz SC Lim KO 《Schizophrenia Research》2007,90(1-3):302-307
INTRODUCTION: One hypothesis that unifies the diversity of symptoms associated with schizophrenia involves the disruption of connectivity between brain regions. As white matter provides rapid and efficient communication between brain regions, this study was initiated to assess the early disruption of white matter pathways in children and adolescent with schizophrenia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Diffusion tensor images were acquired on 14 children and adolescents with schizophrenia, one subject with schizoaffective disorder, and 15 age and gender matched controls. The DTI images were acquired in twelve directions on a 3 T Siemens Trio scanner. The images were transformed into fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity maps and a group analysis was performed using SPM2. RESULTS: Children and adolescent patients with schizophrenia demonstrated a significant decrease in FA and associated increase in AD in the left posterior hippocampus (p<0.001, Bonferroni corrected on the cluster-level). These diffusion differences were not statistically significant when IQ was used as a covariate in the analysis. DISCUSSION: These findings suggest hippocampal white matter abnormalities that present early in the development of schizophrenia. The lack of significant differences when IQ is used as a covariate suggests that this hippocampal region is associated with cognitive changes associated with schizophrenia. 相似文献
10.
Frazier JA Breeze JL Papadimitriou G Kennedy DN Hodge SM Moore CM Howard JD Rohan MP Caviness VS Makris N 《Bipolar disorders》2007,9(8):799-809
OBJECTIVES: Diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging (DT-MRI) assesses the integrity of white matter (WM) tracts in the brain. Children with bipolar disorder (BPD) may have WM abnormalities that precede illness onset. To more fully examine this possibility, we scanned children with DSM-IV BPD and compared them to healthy peers and children at risk for BPD (AR-BPD), defined as having a first-degree relative with the disorder. METHODS: Ten children with BPD, eight healthy controls (HC), and seven AR-BPD, similar in age, had MRI scans on a 1.5 Tesla GE scanner, including a standard DT-MRI sequence (T2-EPI) with 25 axial slices. Fractional anisotropy (FA) values were compared between groups to determine regions of significant difference (p < 0.05). RESULTS: Compared to HC, children with BPD had decreased FA in right and left superior frontal tracts, including the superior longitudinal fasciculus I (SLF I) and the cingulate-paracingulate WM (CG-PAC(WM)). In addition, the BPD group had reduced FA in left orbital frontal WM and the right corpus callosum body. Compared to AR-BPD, children with BPD showed reduced FA in the right and left CG-PAC(WM). Both the BPD and AR-BPD groups showed reduced FA relative to HC in bilateral SLF I. CONCLUSIONS: The bilateral SLF I finding in both the BPD and AR-BPD groups may represent a trait-based marker or endophenotype of the disorder. The finding of decreased FA in the right and left CG-PAC(WM) in children with BPD compared to the other two groups may represent a disease-state related finding. 相似文献