Relocation mortality in dementia: The effects of a new hospital     

Carol Robertson  Jill Warrington  John M. Eagles 《International journal of geriatric psychiatry》1993,8(6):521-525

Relocation mortality has been cited as an important factor when considering the placement of elderly patients. This study describes the fate of dementia patients relocated to facilitate the move to a new hospital. Some wards were moved as intact units—that is, the patients were kept together and there was little change in the nursing or medical staff. Two other wards were closed, and these patients were dispersed to several existing and new wards and experienced changes of nursing and medical staff. All patients underwent prerelocation and postrelocation orientation programmes. The mortality figures for the total patient group before and after the relocation do not show any statistically significant increase in mortality postrelocation. However, for wards that were closed and where the patients suffered maximum disruption to patient group and nursing staff, there was a significant increase in mortality rates.  相似文献   

Aggressive behaviour in elderly people with dementia: A review     

Vikram Patel  Tony Hope 《International journal of geriatric psychiatry》1993,8(6):457-472

The progressive degeneration of the brain seen in dementia is often accompanied by behavioural disturbances. Aggressive behaviour is one of the most serious of these disturbances and is a common cause for psychiatric referral, admission to hospital and drug treatment. In this article, we discuss the conceptual issues associated with defining aggressive behaviour in cognitively impaired patients. We then review the aetiology, epidemiology, methods of assessment, and management of aggressive behaviour in elderly people with dementia.  相似文献   

Disturbed behaviour in dementia sufferers: A comparison of three nursing home settings     

Christopher Martin  Stephen McKenzie  David Ames 《International journal of geriatric psychiatry》1994,9(5):393-398

In order to determine whether a specialist psychogeriatric nursing home was fulfilling its intended role of caring for the most behaviourally disturbed dementia sufferers, 24 of its demented residents were compared with 28 demented individuals discharged from a psychiatric unit to ordinary nursing homes and 30 mobile dementia sufferers in nursing home wards of a geriatric centre. Those in the psychogeriatric nursing home showed more disturbed behaviours than those in the other two settings. Scores on the Rating Scale for Aggressive Behaviour in the Elderly were compared with degree of cognitive impairment for the first time in the literature and showed no correlation with degree of cognitive impairment for the first time in the literature and showed no correlation with congnitive performance.  相似文献   

The structure of wandering in dementia     

Tony Hope  Kathleen M. Tilling  Kathy Gedling  Janet M. Keene  Sandra D. Cooper  Christopher G. Fairburn 《International journal of geriatric psychiatry》1994,9(2):149-155

‘Wandering’ is one of the most troublesome of behavioural problems in dementia. The term ‘wandering’ covers many different types of behaviour. We examined the hypothesis that the different types of wandering behaviour seen in dementia from a scale using data collected on 83 elderly subjects suffering from either Alzheimer's disease or multiinfarct dementia. We reject the scaling hypothesis. Our data suggest that there are three main categories of wandering behaviour, and that one of these categories is usefully divided into four subcategories.  相似文献   

Ethical Reasoning Among Registered Nurses Experienced in Dementia Care     

Lilian Jansson  Astrid Norberg 《Scandinavian journal of caring sciences》1992,6(4):219-227

Abstract. Registered nurses regarded as “experienced and good” in dementia care were interviewed about the feeding of a severely demented patient who showed refusal-like feeding behaviour. Not one of the twenty nurses could see herself using force against her patients. Most interviewees justified their decisions to feed a severely demented patient and answered questions about whether they would change their minds if there were certain circumstances in terms of words that could be interpreted as referring to the ethical principle of beneficence. The nurses stressed the difficulty to understand the meaning of severely demented patients' feeding behaviour and decide when force-feeding occurs. When asked to rank ethical principles of importance for the decision, however, the most common answer was that they would give priority to the ethical principle of autonomy. The nurses did not see the ethical principles as separate entities, that could be applied one by one, but tried to integrate them into a whole. The findings of this study were interpreted as indicating that principled ethics is not an adequate model to describe experienced nurses' ethical reasoning.  相似文献   

Support networks and dementia     

G. Clare Wenger 《International journal of geriatric psychiatry》1994,9(3):181-194

Based on data from a sample of 4500+ people aged 65+ living in the community (ie not in residential care) in Liverpool, this article presents data on the availability of kin and levels of contact with family, friends neighbours and community groups, and compares the distribution of support network types of those identified as cases of dementia with non-cases. It is shown that dementia sufferers are more likely to live with others and to have more contact with family members and less contact with friends, neighbours and community groups than non-sufferers. It is also shown that the distribution of network type is distinctively different for cases and non-cases and it is suggested that this reflects the greater ability of some types of network to support continued community residence in the face of the onset of dementia.  相似文献   

The early recognition of dementia in the elderly: A preliminary communication about a longitudinal study using the gms–agecat package (community version)     

J. R. M. Copeland  C. McWilliam  M. E. Dewey  D. Forshaw  R. Shiwach  R. T. Abed  M. S. Muthu  N. Wood 《International journal of geriatric psychiatry》1986,1(1):63-70

A random community sample of 1070 subjects aged over 65 was interviewed by trained non-medical interviewers using the Geriatric Mental State, community version (GMSA). A sub-sample of 126 subjects was selected so as to contain possible early cases of dementia, pseudo-dementia, and normal subjects; and re-interviewed, a mean 1 year and 23 weeks later, by a group of psychiatrists in training. The computer diagnosis AGECAT, based on GMSA applied by non-medical raters, had predicted at initial interview, nine out of twelve cases of dementia at follow-up and five out of nine borderline cases. An Organic/Depression Index may prove useful in predicting which of those cases with early organic levels will eventually develop dementia, depression or recover.  相似文献   

间充质干细胞对血管性痴呆大鼠学习记忆能力及海马CA1区突触素表达的影响     

金善  曹秉振  赵忠新  张秀花  孙爱军  邵福源 《中华行为医学与脑科学杂志》2008,17(4)

目的 观察同种异体骨髓间充质干细胞(MSCs)对血管性痴呆(VaD)模型大鼠空间学习记忆功能及海马CA1区突触素(SYN)表达的影响.方法 体外分离、扩增大鼠骨髓MSCs,并用BrdU标记.双侧颈总动脉结扎法(2-VO)制备VaD模型.将经过Y-迷宫筛选的大鼠随机分为A、B、C 3组.MSCs移植组(A组)于2-VO后4周尾静脉注射MSCs;对照组(B组)注射同等剂量的PBS;假手术组(C组)暴露双侧颈总动脉但不结扎,不进行尾静脉注射.Y-迷宫实验检测大鼠的空间学习记忆功能;免疫荧光染色观察MSCs注射后4周大鼠海马区BrdU标记细胞;免疫组化染色观察海马CA1区SYN表达的变化.结果 MSCs移植后4周A组大鼠海马区可见荧光标记的MSCs;A组大鼠Y-迷宫作业成绩错误次数(EN)为(7.39±0.68)次,较B组[(12.25±0.77)次]明显减少,差异有显著性(t=4.86,P＜0.05),全天总反应时间(TRT)为(348.94±27.92)s,较B组[(542.22±30.27)s]明显缩短,差异有显著性(t=193.28,P＜0.05);A组大鼠SYN光密度值(OD)为(0.284±0.041),较B组(0.093±0.036)显著增加(t=0.191,P＜0.05).结论 静脉移植MSCs使VaD大鼠空间学习记忆能力改善并使海马CA1区SYN表达增加.  相似文献   

中成药天智颗粒对血管性痴呆大鼠脑内神经细胞增殖的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张博爱  高林  陈烈冉  李文涛  刘艳茹  贾延劼  吴卫平 《中国现代神经疾病杂志》2006,6(5):393-397

目的观察中成药天智颗粒对血管性痴呆大鼠学习记忆能力和神经前体细胞与星形胶质细胞增殖水平的影响。方法老年雄性SD大鼠192只,随机分为治疗组、模型组、假手术组和正常对照组,每组48只。治疗组、模型组采用双侧颈总动脉结扎方法建立血管性痴呆大鼠模型,于造模60d后治疗组大鼠应用天智颗粒5g/(kg·d)治疗30d。采用三等分Y型电迷宫测试各组大鼠的学习记忆能力,应用免疫组织化学尿嘧啶脱氧核苷(BrdU)和胶质纤维酸性蛋白(GFAP)染色方法标记并观察神经细胞增殖变化,以比较各组大鼠学习记忆能力和神经细胞增殖的变化规律和差异。结果与正常对照组相比,假手术组大鼠的学习记忆能力和免疫组织化学检测结果无明显变化。经天智颗粒治疗30d后,治疗组大鼠学习记忆能力明显改善,与模型组相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),BrdU阳性细胞显著增加(P<0.05),而星形胶质细胞明显减少(P<0.05);但与正常对照组相比,其学习记忆能力、BrdU阳性细胞和星形胶质细胞数量仍未恢复至正常水平(P<0.05)。结论天智颗粒可通过促进神经前体细胞的增殖而抑制星形胶质细胞的增殖,从而改善血管性痴呆大鼠的学习记忆能力。  相似文献   

老年精神分裂症与痴呆     

施于超  胡卫红 《神经疾病与精神卫生》2016,(5):606-608

精神分裂症存在广泛的认知缺陷与脑结构异常。随着年龄增长,精神分裂症患者认知缺陷及脑结构与健康老年人、AD 不一样,部分患者后期会发展为痴呆,且这种痴呆可能为一种非特定痴呆。精神分裂症后期发展为痴呆危险因素较多,部分因素具有可控性。现就老年精神分裂症与痴呆之间的关系进行综述,以降低精神分裂症后期痴呆的发生。  相似文献