同时发生的台风和海洋富营养化是湿沉降中有机氮的可能来源之一吗?          下载免费PDF全文

CHANG Ming  CHEN Weihua  DENG Sixin  WANG Xuemei  ZHOU Shengzhen 《大气和海洋科学快报》2020,(3):182-187

研究目的:大气有机氮沉降的通量始终与排放的量不吻合,因此其缺失来源值得我们探讨.创新要点:研究发现同时发生台风与海洋富营养化情况下带来的鼎湖山站有机氮湿沉降占到了总有机氮湿沉降的1/3.研究方法:站点湿沉降采样+化学组分分析+后向轨迹模式.重要结论:在海洋富营养化的情况下,台风可能会将海洋表面的含氮组分带入大陆,成为大...  相似文献   

A Basic Water Quality Model for the River Neckar: Part 2 – model‐based analysis of the oxygen budget and scenarios     

Ingo Haag 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2006,34(6):549-559

In this paper the Basic Water Quality Model (BWQM) for the central part of River Neckar is used to analyse the oxygen budget and to assess the potentials of various measures to prevent or mitigate critical dissolved oxygen (DO) declines. It is shown that the oxygen budget is mainly governed by phytoplankton dynamics. The excessive growth of algae and the sudden break down of the resulting algal blooms may cause episodic DO depressions. Therefore, to stabilise the oxygen budget in a sustainable way, eutrophication has to be controlled within the central part of River Neckar and the upstream regions. The only feasible way to reach this goal appears to be a further drastic reduction of phosphorus emissions. In addition, it is indispensable to hold the very high standards of biochemical oxygen demand and ammonium retention at the wastewater treatment plants. A worse performance of the treatment plants would dramatically aggravate critical DO declines which may be caused by algae dynamics. As long as the oxygen budget is not completely stabilised, weir and turbine aeration can be used to mitigate DO depressions. It could be shown that the potentials of these measures suffice to keep DO at a tolerable level. However, due to the long travel times in River Neckar, it is important to start aeration up to several days before the DO minimum is reached.  相似文献   

  总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Bruno Polli  Marco Simona 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》1992,54(3-4):303-320

This study is a summary of all available information on the long-term and on the more recent development of the planktonic populations in Lago di Lugano with regard to its trophic evolution. The first effects of the lake eutrophication became manifest beginning in the 1950's and brought to important changes in the planktonic community as the appearance and the rapid increase of the filamentous algaeOscillatoria rubescens andStephanodiscus hantzschii, and the disappearance of the zooplanktonic Diaptomidae. Since 1980 the phosphorus concentration began to decrease in lake's epilimnion and the planktonic community showed a new composition, evidencing the presence of others predominant species:Oscillatoria redekei, Lyngbya limnetica, Stephanodiscus sp. (little form). Since 1989 algal standing crop reduced its value below 2 g m^–2 (dry weight); furthermore a strong decrease of the Cyanophceae and the appearance of new predominant species (Tabellaria fenestrata, div. Ulotrichales) occurred. At the same time an increase of the herbivorous zooplankton (Daphnia hyalina) and the come-back of the Diaptomidae was observed. Only in the northern basin a decrease tendency of the primary production was observed, changing from 480 to about 300 g C m^–2 yr^–1 during the last 10 years.  相似文献   

Predation and intertidal zonation of barnacles at Leigh,New Zealand     

Penelope A. Luckens 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(3):355-378

Experiments using cages at four shore levels were carried out to determine the part played by the feeding of the gastropods Neothais scalaris and Lepsiella scobina on the zonation of three species of intertidal barnacles: Chamaesipho brunnea, C. columna, and Epopella plicata. The lower limit of the two larger barnacle species was determined by predation, but C. columna was affected only in the absence of the other two barnacles.  相似文献   

新方法、新理论为太湖环境治理和生态修复提供科技支撑     

唱彤  郦建强  陈文学  郭旭宁  刘为锋  李云玲  吴凤燕 《水科学进展》2024,32(6):1005-1020

全球范围内湖泊富营养化日益严重,影响水资源可持续利用,导致生态系统功能退化,威胁社会经济可持续发展和生态安全。本文系统综述了稳态转换、营养盐控制、生物操纵和环境基准等湖泊系统修复基础理论和最新研究进展;结合国内外湖泊修复实践,对内外源污染物削减、生物措施、水利措施等修复技术方法进行概述。湖泊修复是一项长期艰巨的任务,针对目前尚未解决的问题和新的变化环境,提出科学建立修复目标、营养盐阈值确定、水生生物群落定量关系、流域管控体系建立等研究展望,以期为湖泊修复提供科学支撑。

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海南西北部海水水质状况分析与评价     

黄夏  郑瑞玺 《海洋开发与管理》2024,41(9):133-146

海水水质状况显著影响着近岸海域的生态环境。为探究海南西北部近岸海域水质现状及富营养化水平,根据23个水质监测站位的监测结果,采用单因子标准指数法、水质环境综合指数法分析评价该海域水质状况,并基于分类分级潜在性富营养化评价模式进行海水水质潜在性富营养化评价。结果表明：海南西北部海域的海水无机氮含量、重金属含量以及pH值均处于较低水平,且单因子指数值均小于1,符合一类水质标准;但研究区西部1个站位的海水活性磷酸盐含量超出一类水质标准,可能与局部排污干扰和海南西部上升流有关;由于船舶油污水过量排放及海水辐聚作用,研究区中部1个站位的海水油类含量超出一类水质标准;受海水温度、生物量和北部湾中西部低氧区扩展的影响,溶解氧含量站位超标率较高,出现溶解氧含量低的水体污染现象。进一步的潜在性富营养化评价结果表明,该海域整体水质处于贫营养化水平,富营养化程度较低。总体而言,该海域水质综合质量评价指数较小,水质处于优良水平,水环境质量基本符合海洋功能区要求。  相似文献   

    

R. T. CLARKE  E. M. MENDIONDO  L. C. BRUSA 《水文科学杂志》2013,58(2):221-236

Abstract

The aim of this study was to assess the effect of land application of sewage sludge on phosphorus (P) losses during intense rainfall. Three rainfall simulations (40 mm h^?1 of 30 min duration) were conducted on a field amended with sewage sludge. The overland flow water (OFW) was monitored and sampled every minute. The suspended solid, the dissolved and total phosphorus (respectively SS, TP and DP) concentrations were analysed. The forms of particulate bound P (PP) were investigated. Several results stem from this experiment: (a) sludge application induced a large increase in the DP content of the OFW; the concentrations obtained (0.15–0.57 mg l^?1) were shown to result from desorption processes from the SS; and (b) in contrast, sludge application affected neither the SS content nor the TP concentration of OFW (9.5 g mg l^?1 P, consisting of PP for 95%). However, sludge preserved the structure of soil surface and led to a 45% decrease in runoff rate (150 m³ ha^?1 collected on the test surface compared to 290 m³ ha^?1 on a reference). This indirectly reduced TP losses (2.7 kg ha^?1 on the reference surface compared to 1.4 kg ha^?1 on the test surface).  相似文献   

基于硬壳蛤的大菱鲆养殖尾水资源化利用研究          下载免费PDF全文

胡朋朋  宋浩  杨美洁  李金泽  王雪刚  张涛 《海洋科学》2023,47(11):57-65

大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus)是我国北方工厂化海水养殖的重要经济物种,集约化程度高,排水量大,尾水中富含大量氮磷营养盐,造成资源浪费的同时也增加了治理难度。本实验测定了大菱鲆养殖尾水中化学需氧量(COD)、亚硝酸盐(NO₂^-)、硝酸盐(NO₃^-)、氨氮(NH₄⁺)、活性磷酸盐(PO₄^3-)、总磷(TP)、总氮(TN)及悬浮物(TSS)的含量。利用潜在富营养化分级表评估水体富营养化水平,利用单因子污染指数法分析主要污染特征,通过嵌套实验设计对比分析硬壳蛤(Mercenaria mercenaria)在大菱鲆养殖尾水和贝类养殖池塘中的生长情况。结果表明大菱鲆养殖尾水主要超标因子为无机氮与活性磷酸盐,水体富营养化程度高,尾水中较高的氮磷元素可以为单胞藻类增殖提供营养条件,进而为硬壳蛤生长提供足够的饵料生物,从而实现大菱鲆养殖尾水的资源化利用。  相似文献   

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Chenman Yang;Hongjun Song;Yi Sun;Pengfei Xie;Yuan Liu;Hongjun Li 《海洋学报(英文版)》2023,42(10):108-116

Taxonomic sufficiency (TS) refers to identifying taxa to a taxonomic level sufficient to detect community changes in stressed environments and may provide a cost-effective approach in routine monitoring programs. However, there is still limited information regarding the seasonal impact of applying TS and its implications for the ecological quality evaluation in the estuarine ecosystem. This study investigated the relationship between the multivariate-AZTI’s Marine Biotic Index (M-AMBI) and environmental variables in three seasons (i.e., spring, summer, and autumn) in the Liaohe River Estuary. We tested the reliability of TS for simplifying the M-AMBI methodology. The results showed that family and genus level data could reproduce the spatial-temporal patterns of community structure at the species level. The M-AMBI values showed a consistent spatial distribution pattern in all sampling seasons, with a decreasing trend with the increasing distance from the estuary mouth. Both genus and family level data performed nearly as well as species level in detecting the seasonal variations of pollutants (i.e., nutrients and total organic content). The family level M-AMBI was feasible to discern stress in the Liaohe River Estuary because of the high aggregation ratios at different taxonomic levels in all sampling seasons. These findings suggest that applying taxonomic sufficiency based on the M-AMBI provides an efficient approach for evaluating ecological quality in the Liaohe River Estuary.  相似文献   

    

Patricija Mozetič  Vlado Malačič  Valentina Turk 《Marine Ecology》2008,29(4):483-494

A case study was carried out in 2000 in the shallow coastal area of the Northern Adriatic Sea (Gulf of Trieste) where untreated domestic sewage and industrial wastes are discharged at rate of 5500 m³·day^?1. The sewage plume above the outfall was followed using faecal coliforms (FC) and overturning length scale (l_T). The latter was rejected as a marker as the discharge conditions prohibit following the turbulence of sewage water. Intermittent sewage discharge is reflected in the minimal effect of eutrophication. Increase of phytoplankton biomass is thus only minor compared with the unpolluted area regardless of elevated concentrations of sewage‐derived nutrients (confirmed by correlation coefficients between FC and NH₄⁺, TP, PO₄^3?: 0.78, 0.71 and 0.67, respectively). Deteriorated trophic status, determined by the TRIX index, was observed only in the surface layer (average TRIX: 5.67). High FC content well above the regulation limit (up to 2.6 × 10⁵ FC·100 ml^?1) represents, therefore, the major negative impact of the improperly treated waste for the risk to human health.  相似文献