基于经验频率曲线的湖泊富营养化随机评价方法及其验证   总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6  

谢平  黎红秋  叶爱中 《湖泊科学》2004,16(4):371-376

本文提出了基于经验频率曲线的湖泊富营养化随机评价方法.该法通过建立水体富营养化评价标准中各项水质指标和评价级别的经验频率曲线,推求实际水体各项水质指标的经验频率,并采用加权平均法推求湖泊富营养化评价级别的经验频率,从而得出湖泊富营养化的评价级别,具有方法简单、图形直观、计算工作量小的特点.经全国30个湖库湖泊实测水质资料的验证,随机评价方法与模糊评价方法和灰色评价方法的计算精度相当.  相似文献   

底泥疏浚能控制湖泊富营养化吗?   总被引：100，自引：15，他引：85  

濮培民  王国祥  胡春华  胡维平  范成新 《湖泊科学》2000,12(3):269-279

世界上许多湖泊面临着严峻的富营养化问题，富营养化湖泊底泥中的营养盐比水体中要丰富得多，因此，人们常把疏浚底泥作为治理富营养化湖泊的一种重要措施，它需要巨大的资金投入，但尚未见在中等以上湖泊中通过疏浚底控制湖泊富营养化的明显实例，分析 浚底泥作为水利工程和航道工程措施有重要效用，其改善水质效果与疏浚方法有关，适当的疏浚可在短期内改善水质，但从月和季以上长期段持，疏浚底泥不是控制湖泊富营营养化的充要条  相似文献   

中国湖泊水域中磷形态转化及其潜在生态效应研究动态   总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14  

黄清辉  王磊  王子健 《湖泊科学》2006,18(3):199-206

天然水域,尤其是富营养的浅水湖泊,沉积物中磷的释放是蓝藻水华发生、形成和持续生长的重要因素．分析沉积物中磷的赋存形态转化及其潜在生态效应,有助于理解沉积物中磷的迁移转化过程及其与湖泊富营养化之间的关系．本文综述国内湖泊水域中磷的主要形态、来源和转化过程以及其生物有效性的研究进展．重点讨论了近5年来中国东部浅水湖泊沉积物磷的形态分析、转化和生物有效性评估的现状,以及沉积物中磷形态与浅水湖泊富营养化之间的潜在联系．  相似文献   

Evidence from isotopic geochemistry as an indicator of eutrophication of Meiliang Bay in Lake Taihu, China   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

LIN Lin  WU Jinglu  WANG Sumin 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2006,49(Z1)

In this paper, Lake Taihu, a large shallow freshwater lake in China, is chosen as an example of reconstruction of eutrophication through the comparison between stable isotopes from dissolved nutrients and plants and water column nutrient parameters and integration of multiple proxies in a sediment core from Meiliang Bay including TN, TP, TOC, C/N,δ15N,δ13C, etc. Differences in aquatic plant species and trophic status between East Taihu Bay and Meiliang Bay are indicated by their variations inδ13C andδ15N of aquatic plants andδ15N of NH4 . A significant influence of external nutrient inputs on Meiliang Bay is reflected in temporal changes inδ15N of NH4 and hydro-environmental parameters. The synchronous change betweenδ13C andδ15N values of sedi-mented organic matter (OM) has been attributed to elevated primary production at the beginning of eutrophication between 1950 and 1990, then recent inverse correlation between them has been caused by the uptake of 15N-enriched inorganic nitrogen by phytoplankton grown under eutrophication and subsequent OM decomposition and denitrification in surface sediments, indicating that the lake has suffered from progressive eutrophication since 1990. Based on the use of a combination of stable isotopes and elemental geochemistry, the eutrophication of Meiliang Bay in Lake Taihu could be better traced. These transitions of the lake eutrophication respectively occurring in the 1950s and 1990s have been suggested as a reflection of growing impacts of human activities, which is coincident with the instrumental data.  相似文献   

长春市南湖富营养化高光谱遥感监测模型   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

段洪涛  张柏  宋开山  黄素军  王宗明  张树清 《湖泊科学》2005,17(3):282-288

通过对长春市南湖水质参数和高光谱反射率的相关分析,建立两者间的一元回归模型;同时利用日本学者相崎守弘等人提出的修正营养状态指数(TSIM)模型,分别针对水质参数实验室数据和高光谱数据,对长春市南湖富营养化程度进行评价和监测.结果表明:1)利用高光谱遥感监测模型进行湖泊富营养化监测和评价,能够获取较为准确的评价结果,相对于传统监测方法具有省时省力的特点;2)用实验室数据得出的TSIM修正营养状态指数,各点数据起伏比较大,而高光谱遥感监测模型模拟营养状态指数相对平缓,这表明监测模型对各点数据进行了不同程度的同化,相对缩小了同期各点数据和异期同点数据之间的差异,这与实验室化学分析数据监测结果相比是一个不足之处;3)长春市南湖水体呈现较为严重的富营养化状态,需要采取措施防止南湖水质进一步恶化.  相似文献   

北京城区河湖水质分析   总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7  

杜桂森  吴玉梅  扬忠山  武佃卫  刘靖 《湖泊科学》2005,17(4):373-377

调研结果显示，2003年北京城区河湖(11个监测水体)总磷、总氮含量分别为0．142mg/L、1．481mg/L，已达到比较 严重的富营养状态．北京城市河湖属于藻型水体，初级生产力主要决定于浮游藻类的群落结构与密度．河湖水体中浮游 藻类密度为37867．82×10~4cells/L，其群落由蓝藻(Cyanophyta)、绿藻(Chlorophyta)、硅藻(Bcillariophyta)、甲藻(Pyrrophy— ta)、隐藻(Cryptophyta)、黄藻(Xanthophyta)、金藻(Chrysophyta)和裸藻(Eugleniphyta)构成．群落中蓝藻占绝对优势 (89．54%)．在近几年的夏秋季连续发生程度不同的微囊藻(microcystis)水华，对水体功能和城市景观造成了不良影响． 主要原因是：(1)氮磷和有机物的污染，(2)给城市河湖补给的水量少，(3)河湖生态系统被损害，水体自净能力差．本文 对如何改善北京城市河湖水质提出了建议．  相似文献   

Distribution of chlorophyll-a off the Changjiang River and its dynamic cause interpretation   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

ZHU Jianrong State Key Laboratory of Estuarine  Coastal Research  East China Normal University  Shanghai  China 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2005,48(7)

Red tide,also called harmful algal bloom interna-tionally,is a disaster abnormal phenomenon of oceanecology with an explosive breed or dense assemble ofone or several phytoplanktons in a specific ocean en-vironment condition,colors the seawater,influencesand harms ocean living things.The formation of redtide is controlled mainly by a complex interplay ofbiological,physical and chemical processes,but themost main cause influencing the occurrence of red tideis the seawater eutrophication,i.e.,the…  相似文献   

Vertical distribution of phosphorus and P-dissolving/decomposing bacteria in the sediment of Guanting reservoir     

LI Cui  YUAN Hongli  HUANG Huaizeng 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2005,48(Z2)

In this study, we determined pH, phosphorus content and the number of P-dis- solving/decomposing bacteria in relation to the depth in the sediment of Guanting reservoir in Beijing. The pH value was slightly increased from 8.0 in the surface to 8.5 in the bottle (69 cm in depth) of sediment. The highest P content, 1269 mg/kg, was detected in the 35 cm layer, followed by the 5 cm (993 mg/kg) and 69 cm (580 mg/kg) layers. The number of inorganic P-dissolving bacteria varied from 6(102 to 8(104 and the organic P-discomposing bacteria were from 1.9(103 to 6.3(104 per gram sediment in different depths, which were counted under 28℃ and 20℃ ( pH7.5 and 8.5. The number of P-dissolving/discomposing bacteria was directly correlated to the P content in each layer of sediments. The analysis of P-dissolving/decomposing ability of bacteria showed that some of these bacteria were also capable of accumulating P intracellularly. The intracellular P-accumulation was more efficient at lower temperature; in contrast, the activity of P-dissolving/decomposing was stronger at higher temperature. So the content of dissolved P in water body, or quality of water, could be affected by the change of temperature via the regulation of bacterial activity. On the basis of 16S rDNA sequencing, the 13 efficient P-dis- solving/decomposing bacteria were identified as Bacillus spp., Bacterium sp., Microbacterium sp., Paenibacillus sp. and Pseudomonas sp.  相似文献   

太湖上游流域农业土地的氮剩余及其对湖泊富营养化的影响   总被引：11，自引：2，他引：9  

许朋柱  秦伯强  HORST Behrendt  黄文钰  于树梅  章永鹏 《湖泊科学》2006,18(4):395-400

太湖上游流域农业土地中氮的剩余对太湖的富营养化具有至关重要的影响．利用2002年各乡镇的农业统计资料,对上游流域农业土地中氮的剩余量进行计算．计算结果表明,上游流域农业土地中氮的剩余总量为134．8×103t/a,单位农业土地面积的剩余量为178．9 kg/(hm2·a)．从单位面积氮剩余量的空间变化看,东、西苕溪流域的剩余量较低,而其它流域的剩余量相对较高．借助典型区域氮剩余的长系列计算数据,对上游地区氮剩余的长期变化规律进行分析．并在此基础上,探讨太湖的富营养化演变趋势与氮剩余长期变化的关系．  相似文献   

农业非点源磷污染对水体富营养化的影响及对策   总被引：22，自引：3，他引：19  

高超  张桃林 《湖泊科学》1999,11(4):369-375

富营养化是当今的水污染治理难题，而农业非点源磷污染与水体富营养化的发生有着密切的关系，目前农田生态系统中广泛存在的磷素投入过量和由此导致的土壤磷素积累加剧了磷素向水体的流失。本文根据国内外最新研究成果，分析了农田土壤磷素流失对水体富营养化的影响，指出了减轻农业非点源磷污染的重要性，对目前所采用的农业非点源磷污染重点控制区的确定方法和一些主要防治措施的效果进行了评述。  相似文献