Long-period variations of sea-level in Australasia     

J. I. Pariwono  J. A. T. Bye  G. W. Lennon 《Geophysical Journal International》1986,87(1):43-54

Summary. The ability of the Australian sea-level monitoring network is assessed in the investigation of long-period sea-level signals. Through the character of coastal long waves, seasonal variations in level and inter-annual level anomalies, the importance of the south coast of the Continent is identified as a coherent indicator of large-scale marine and atmospheric teleconnections. The source of the sea-level signal is investigated by the tracing of progressive features, by the numerical modelling of wind stress over the Southern Ocean, by the modelling of the effect of monsoonal rains over the Indian Ocean and the mass transport through the Indonesian Strait. These features are related to the ENSO cycle which for the first time is linked, inter alia , with Southern Ocean mechanisms.  相似文献   

Niño3.4区上层海洋侧边界热通量及其与ENSO的联系     

He ZHAO  Tongwen WU  Laurent Z. X. LI  Fanghua WU  Weihua JIE  Xiangwen LIU  Ronghua ZHANG  Chengjun XIE 《Journal of Meteorological Research》2022,15(2):360-373

在Niño3.4区（热带太平洋,5°S–5°N,170°–120°W）,海表温度（SST）变化与40 m厚的上层海洋整体温度变化高度相关。本文利用1979–2018年第五代海洋再分析系统（ORAS5）的逐月数据,探究了Niño3.4区上层海洋的热量收支情况。重点研究上层40米海洋侧边界的经向纬向热输送及其与温度变化的相关情况。在该区域,温跃层被经向环流分为上下两部分,两者环流结构相反,其中上层辐散,下层辐合。上层海洋的整体平均温度变化是由纬向、经向和垂直热传输的总和决定的,他们量级较大但往往相互抵消。一般来说,从大气输送到海洋的海表热量净通量和从深层海洋向上的热传输会由经向和纬向洋流输送出该区域,只留下小部分用于加热或冷却上层海洋。整个40 m厚度上层海洋有效的海表热量净通量影响SST的量级要远小于水平热通量输送。在年际尺度上,纬向和经向热输送的变化与温度异常呈正相关,而来自海洋次表层的垂直热通量输送则与海温变化异常呈负相关。对5次厄尔尼诺事件和5次拉尼娜事件的综合分析也表明,在厄尔尼诺（变暖）和拉尼娜（降温）的演化过程中,水平输送辐合对温度异常有积极的贡献,而垂直输送则不利于温度变化。  相似文献   

DIAGNOSIS ON LOW FREQUENCY COMPONENT OF ENSO VARIABILITY—PART Ⅱ:ORIGIN OF THE COMPONENT     

邹力  倪允琪 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》1997,(1)

Diagnosis is undertaken on the origin for the low-frequency component (LFC) of ENSOvariability in the context of 1979—1990 OLR and u-wind datasets.Evidence suggests that ① apower spectrum-yielded maximum,significant statistically,is derived from the OLR monthlyanomalies in a 3—5-year period range over the tropical central/western Pacific;②compositeanalysis of the signals of the monthly anomaly low frequency component (period>3 years)confirms further the dynamic features of the component as documented in Part Ⅰ:③serving asforcing on ENSO,the related monsoon region represents the source area of the component;④theone-point correlation maps of unfiltered OLR monthly anomalies with zonal wind on a lagged,asimultaneous and a leading basis show clearly the close relation between the u wind-associatedeastward travelling low-frequency wave and the low-frequency oscillation of low-latitude central/western Pacific large-scale convection and the east-moving mode is likely to be excited by theoscillation at a 3—5-year period range.It follows that the large-scale convection oscillation showsup as the origin of the eastward waves,i.e.,ENSO LFC.  相似文献   

Impact of Southern Oscillation on the Frequency of Monsoon Depressions in the Bay of Bengal     

Singh  O. P.  Ali Khan  Tariq Masood  Rahman  Md. Sazedur 《Natural Hazards》2002,25(2):101-115

The impact of Southern Oscillation on thecyclogenesis over the Bay of Bengal duringthe summer monsoon has been investigated.The analysis of correlation coefficients(CCs) between the frequency of monsoondepressions and the Southern OscillationIndex (SOI) reveals that more depressionsform during July and August of El Niñoyears. Due to this, the seasonal frequencyof monsoon depressions remains little higherduring El Niño epochs even though thecorrelations for June and September are notsignificant. The CCs for July and August aresignificant at the 99% level.The El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO)is known to affect Indian MonsoonRainfall (IMR) adversely. The enhancedcyclogenesis over the Bay of Bengal duringJuly and August is an impact of ENSO whichneeds to be examined closely. Increasedcyclogenesis over the Bay of Bengal may bereducing the deficiency in IMR duringEl Niño years by producing more rainfallover the eastern parts of India duringJuly and August. Thus there is a considerablespatial variation in the impact of ENSOon the monsoon rainfall over India and El Niñoneed not necessarily imply a monsoonfailure everywhere in India.The area of formation of monsoon depressionsshifts eastward during El Niño years.Warmer sea surface temperature (SST) anomaliesprevail over northwest and adjoiningwestcentral Bay of Bengal during premonsoon andmonsoon seasons of El Niño years.May minus March SOI can provide useful predictionsof monsoon depression frequencyduring July and August.  相似文献   

    

ANTHONY S. KIEM  STEWART W. FRANKS 《水文科学杂志》2013,58(5):715-727

Abstract

It is known that the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon induces marked climate variability across many parts of the world. However, in seeking useful relationships between ENSO and climate, several indices are available. In addition to the choice of index, previous studies assessing ENSO effects have employed a range of different methods to classify periods as El Niño, La Niña or Neutral. It is therefore clear that significant subjectivity exists in the adoption of ENSO classification schemes. In this study, several ENSO classification methods are applied to a range of ENSO indices. Each method-index combination is investigated to determine which provides the strongest relationship with rainfall and runoff in the Williams River catchment, New South Wales, Australia. The results demonstrate substantial differences between the methods and indices. The Multivariate ENSO Index (or MEI) is found to provide the best classification irrespective of method. The potential for forecasting ENSO-related effects on rainfall, runoff and river abstractions is then investigated. A “rise rule” to account for dynamic ENSO trends is also assessed. Strong relationships were found to exist with runoff (rainfall) up to nine (eight) months in advance of the Summer/autumn period. Implications for improved forecasting of potential river abstractions are apparent.  相似文献   

    

Julie E. Laity 《自然地理学》2013,34(2):113-132

I nvestigations into processes of ventifact formation in the east-central Mojave Desert, California confirm the importance of topography as a control in the location, orientation, and intensity of ventifact abrasion. Ventifacts in the region appear to be relict in nature and probably formed during a period that ended several thousand years ago. Comparison of groove orientations with available wind data shows that regional flow direction has not changed in the recent past. Although west to northwest winds are the most frequent and intense, and therefore dictate the regional erosion pattern, low to moderate southeasterly flow is recorded on ventifacts near the crests of hills owing to the effects of velocity acceleration. Two conditions that affect ventifact development are considered in this paper: (1) wind acceleration through topographic constrictions; and (2) wind acceleration up the windward flanks of hills. Constrictions in the Barstow-Bristol trough allowed velocity increases that resulted in ventifaction on 70–90 percent of all exposed cobbles and boulders. Velocity acceleration towards the crests of hills caused a marked increase in sand transport and resultant abrasion, as expressed by increases in groove and pit dimensions. [Key words: Aeolian geomorphology, ventifacts, Mojave Desert, California.]  相似文献   

晚第四纪热带西太平洋海气CO₂交换影响因素          下载免费PDF全文

郭景腾  熊志方  李铁刚 《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2023,43(4):48-55

探究海气CO₂交换有助于解析全球碳循环和全球气候变化。由于海水和大气的直接接触,研究表层海水碳酸盐系统变化成为探究海气碳交换的关键。基于已有热带西太平洋表层海水碳酸盐系统研究成果,本文总结了有孔虫壳体B/Ca和δ¹¹B指标重建碳酸盐系统参数的原理、方法及优缺点。然后,从厄尔尼诺-南方涛动（El Niño-Southern Oscillation, ENSO）、东亚季风以及大气桥梁和海洋隧道三方面综述了晚第四纪热带西太平洋海气CO₂交换影响因素的研究现状。结果显示,类ENSO通过横向平流和垂向变化分别影响热带西太平洋东端和西端的海气碳交换。东亚夏季风对热带西太平洋海气碳交换具有较强的调控作用,而东亚冬季风的调控作用较弱或不明显。冰消期南大洋深部流通状况增强,可通过大气桥梁（大气CO₂）和海洋隧道（南极中层水）影响热带西太平洋海气碳交换。然而,为了更准确清晰地了解全球碳循环变化,还需针对指标记录的可靠性、覆盖范围以及海气碳交换在更长时间尺度的变化机理等方面开展更多研究。  相似文献   

The Tibetan Plateau bridge:Influence of remote teleconnections from extratropical and tropical forcings on climate anomalies          下载免费PDF全文

《大气和海洋科学快报》2024,17(1):28-33

本文回顾了青藏高原桥梁作用方面的最新研究进展,涉及北大西洋气候异常对春,夏亚洲季风和厄尔尼诺-南方涛动(ENSO)事件的遥相关影响,热带海洋异常和中国东部极端气候异常之间的联系以及华南春雨的季节内变化等.介绍了年际时间尺度上,冬-春季北大西洋海表温度强迫如何影响南亚季风的季节性转变以及随后ENSO事件的触发.5月份青藏高原上空显著的负感热斜压结构,为北大西洋影响亚洲季风和ENSO提供了桥梁效应.夏季北大西洋涛动与华东夏季降水变化显著相关,高原潜热在这一关系中起着桥梁作用.另一方面,这种高原桥梁效应也存在于从热带海洋异常到东亚夏季极端降水事件的连接中,以及从中纬度波列到华南春雨准双周振荡的联系中.  相似文献   

Interannual Sea Level Variations in the South China Sea Over 1950–2009     

Dongju Peng  Hindumathi Palanisamy  Anny Cazenave  Benoit Meyssignac 《Marine Geodesy》2013,36(2):164-182

Spatial patterns of interannual sea level variations in the South China Sea (SCS) are investigated by analyzing an EOF-based 2-dimensional past sea level reconstruction from 1950 to 2009 and satellite altimetry data from 1993 to 2009. Long-term tide gauge records from 14 selected stations in this region are also used to assess the quality of reconstructed sea levels and determine the rate of sea level along the coastal area. We found that the rising rate of sea levels derived from merged satellite altimetry data during 1993–2009 and past sea level reconstruction over 1950–2009 is about 3.9 ± 0.6 mm/yr and 1.7 ± 0.1 mm/yr, respectively. For the longer period, this rate is not significantly different from the global mean rate (of 1.8 ± 0.3 mm/yr). The interannual mean sea level of the SCS region appears highly correlated with Niño 4 indices (a proxy of El Niño-Southern Oscillation/ENSO), suggesting that the interannual sea level variations over the SCS region is driven by ENSO events. Interpolation of the reconstructed sea level data for 1950–2009 at sites where tide gauge records are of poor quality (either short or gapped) show that sea level along the Chinese coastal area is rising faster than the global mean rate of 1.8 mm/yr. At some sites, the rate is up to 2.5 mm/yr.  相似文献   

北太平洋涛动和东亚冬季风对ENSO影响差异分析     

温涛  冯立成  陈权亮  丁瑞强  史良 《应用海洋学学报》2021,40(3):373-381

北太平洋涛动(NPO)和东亚冬季风(EAWM)二者是热带外重要的气候系统,不仅对我国甚至对整个东亚气候都有重要影响,对厄尔尼诺-南方涛动(ENSO)的影响也越发受到关注.本研究利用HadISST海温资料以及美国国家环境预报中心(NCEP)月平均气象场再分析资料,采用相关回归等统计方法分析研究了冬季NPO和EAWM对次年...  相似文献