南京及周边地区雷达气候学分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

孙康远  郑媛媛  慕瑞琪  夏文梅  谢志清 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2017,75(1):178-192

为了研究南京及周边地区暖季（6-9月）对流风暴的活动分布规律,利用2009-2013年6-9月长时间序列的南京多普勒天气雷达数据识别对流回波并格点化,统计并分析了南京及周边地区对流风暴的气候学分布特征,结果表明:（1）在暖季,南京及周边地区对流风暴具有明显的区域分布特征,其中7与8月为对流风暴活动高峰期,对流风暴频数分布大值中心位于南京东部沿江地区;（2）不同尺度和伸展高度对流风暴的分布特征各不相同,较大较深对流的分布大值中心更加明显;（3）对流风暴的垂直结构因月份不同而有所差异,7与8月对流风暴强度最大;（4）不同尺度和伸展高度对流风暴频数存在明显的日变化特征,呈多峰分布,主峰值区位于午后,同样,各月份对流风暴频数的日变化特征也非常明显,呈单峰或者多峰分布。   相似文献   

江苏典型下击暴流风暴结构特征统计分析          下载免费PDF全文

王易  郑媛媛  庄潇然  张静  慕瑞琪  孙康远 《气象学报》2022,80(4):592-603

为了研究江苏地区下击暴流的结构特征,利用常规天气资料、雷达探测资料、自动气象站观测资料和ERA5再分析资料等,选取2007—2018年江苏地区19个典型下击暴流过程进行统计分析。结果表明：江苏下击暴流的分布呈北多南少,以湿下击暴流为主,7月是下击暴流的高发月份,孤立风暴型下击暴流具有弱的天气尺度强迫和上干下湿的结构,风暴移速较慢,飑线镶嵌型下击暴流具有很强的天气尺度强迫特征,风暴移速较快。下击暴流影响期间地面温度变化剧烈,温度降低伴随有明显风速增大过程。统计显示,产生下击暴流风暴的环境温度平均垂直递减率为6.8℃/km,能够保证负浮力的维持,干冷空气被中层辐合气流夹卷进入风暴内进一步加强了下沉气流,使得下击暴流得以维持和加强。下击暴流的初生阶段,强反射率因子核心和中层径向辐合出现在下击暴流发生前20—30 min,成熟阶段,强反射率因子核心高度有明显降低,低层呈辐散结构。  相似文献   

Analysis of a Heavy Rainfall Event over Beijing During 21-22 July 2012 Based on High Resolution Model Analyses and Forecasts     

JIANG Xiaoman  YUAN Huiling  XUE Ming  CHEN Xi  TAN Xiaoguang 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2014,28(2):199-212

The heaviest rainfall over 61 yr hit Beijing during 21-22 July 2012.Characterized by great rainfall amount and intensity,wide range,and high impact,this record-breaking heavy rainfall caused dozens of deaths and extensive damage.Despite favorable synoptic conditions,operational forecasts underestimated the precipitation amount and were late at predicting the rainfall start time.To gain a better understanding of the performance of mesoscale models,verification of high-resolution forecasts and analyses from the WRFbased BJ-RUCv2.0 model with a horizontal grid spacing of 3 km is carried out.The results show that water vapor is very rich and a quasi-linear precipitation system produces a rather concentrated rain area.Moreover,model forecasts are first verified statistically using equitable threat score and BIAS score.The BJ-RUCv2.0forecasts under-predict the rainfall with southwestward displacement error and time delay of the extreme precipitation.Further quantitative analysis based on the contiguous rain area method indicates that major errors for total precipitation（〉 5 mm h~（-1）） are due to inaccurate precipitation location and pattern,while forecast errors for heavy rainfall（〉 20 mm h~（-1）） mainly come from precipitation intensity.Finally,the possible causes for the poor model performance are discussed through diagnosing large-scale circulation and physical parameters（water vapor flux and instability conditions） of the BJ-RUCv2.0 model output.  相似文献   

末次间冰期南半球西风急流变化的模拟研究          下载免费PDF全文

江南萱  燕青  王会军 《第四纪研究》2023,43(4):977-988

研究末次间冰期气候变化有助于加深理解变暖情景下气候的变化规律及其对轨道参数变化的响应特征。本研究利用国际古气候模拟对比计划第四阶段的多模式结果, 分析了南半球副热带西风急流(200 hPa)与副极地西风急流(850 hPa)在末次间冰期的变化特征及机制。多模式集合平均结果表明, 末次间冰期夏季南半球副热带西风急流相较于工业革命前位置偏北(+2.5°), 强度偏弱(-5.3%); 南半球副极地西风急流也存在类似的变化特征(+1.1°/-7.4%)。在冬季, 末次间冰期南半球副热带西风急流相较于工业革命前南移增强(-0.8°/+5.6%), 而南半球副极地西风急流北移增强(+0.8°/+4.2%), 并且不同洋盆上空的急流具有不同的变化特征。副热带急流与副极地西风急流位置与强度的变化分别与对流层中高层与低层的斜压稳定性的变化相联系。此外, 热带非绝热加热与中纬度Rossby波传播的共同作用造成了南印度洋西侧与东侧、高层与低层西风急流反向变化的结果, 这种反向变化得到了降水重建的支持。

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Jiabao Hu  Yuepeng Pan  Yuexin He  Xiyuan Chi  Qianqian Zhang  Tao Song  Weishou Shen 《大气和海洋科学快报》2021,14(4):63-69

基于2015-2020年北京35个环境空气站和20个气象站观测资料,应用机器学习方法(随机森林算法)分离了气象条件和源排放对大气污染物浓度的影响.结果发现,为应对疫情采取的隔离措施使北京2020年春节期间大气污染物浓度降低了35.1％-51.8％;其中,背景站氮氧化物和一氧化碳浓度的降幅最大,超过了以往报道较多的交通站...  相似文献   

起伏地形下天文辐射分布式估算模型   总被引：20，自引：1，他引：20       下载免费PDF全文

曾燕  邱新法  刘绍民 《地球物理学报》2005,48(5):1028-1033

基于数字高程模型（DEM）,建立了起伏地形下天文辐射分布式估算模型.模型全面考虑了地形因子对天文辐射的影响,只需DEM数据作为输入项,适用于遥感图像处理、地理信息系统等数据处理平台.以1km×1km分辨率的DEM数据作为地形的综合反映,计算了我国全年各月天文辐射的空间分布.结果表明：我国年天文辐射总量有明显的纬向分布特点,随着纬度的降低,年天文辐射总量由北向南增加;由于受坡向、坡度和地形遮蔽因子影响,山区天文辐射表现出非地带性分布特征.本文所提供的我国天文辐射数据产品,可作为基础地理数据供相关研究应用.  相似文献   

江淮梅雨区域入、出梅划分及其特征分析   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7       下载免费PDF全文

黄青兰  王黎娟  李熠  何金海 《热带气象学报》2012,(5):749-756

利用中国气象局提供的1978—2007年全国753站的逐日降水资料和NCEP/NCAR提供的逐日再分析资料,从区域整体角度讨论并划定了近30年（1978—2007年）江淮流域梅雨的入、出梅时间,并在此基础上研究了梅雨各主要特征量的变化规律。结果表明,近30年江淮地区梅雨的各重要参数均具有显著的年际变化特征;入、出梅时间与梅期长度和梅雨量有密切关系, 但入梅时间和出梅时间几乎是独立的;入梅早晚年同期大气环流存在明显的差异,副热带夏季风的强弱和推进快慢对入梅的早晚有重要影响。  相似文献   

大气辐射的理论、模型及应用研究进展 I：大气气体吸收与粒子散射     

Hua ZHANG  Liting LIU  Lei BI  Wushao LIN  Chao LIU  Bingqi YI  Lei LIU  Qi CHEN  Xiaodong WEI  Husi LETU  Zhengqiang LI  Wenwen LI 《Journal of Meteorological Research》2024,44(2):151-182

大气辐射学既包含了气体吸收、粒子(大气分子、云和气溶胶)散射和辐射传输算法等基础理论,也包含了基于这些理论的辐射传输模式在天气气候、数据同化、大气遥感与大气探测等领域的应用,是大气物理学的核心内容之一。气体吸收计算与粒子散射光学特性模拟是大气辐射传输的基础和辐射模式的重要组成部分。作为第一部分,本文将全面阐述近几十年来关于气体吸收与粒子散射方面取得的成果和研究进展,特别是对中国科学家的贡献开展评述。主要内容包括：1）光谱资料和不同气体吸收计算方法对辐射计算的影响,以及在天气气候模式、大气遥感领域的重要应用;2）电磁散射数值计算技术、气溶胶和云粒子的物理建模及其光学特性模拟研究的主要进展。

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《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2013

The accurate detection of heavy metal-induced stress on crop growth is important for food security and agricultural, ecological and environmental protection. Spectral sensing offers an efficient and undamaged observation tool to monitor soil and vegetation contamination. This study proposed a methodology for dynamically estimating the total cadmium (Cd) accumulation in rice tissues by assimilating spectral information into WOFOST (World Food Study) model. Based on the differences among ground hyperspectral data of rice in three experiments fields under different Cd concentration levels, the spectral indices MCARI1, NREP and RH were selected to reflect the rice stress condition and dry matter production of rice. With assimilating these sensitive spectral indices into the WOFOST + PROSPECT + SAIL model to optimize the Cd pollution stress factor f_wi, the dynamic dry matter production processes of rice were adjusted. Based on the relation between dry matter production and Cd accumulation, we dynamically simulating the Cd accumulation in rice tissues. The results showed that the method performed well in dynamically estimating the total amount of Cd accumulation in rice tissues with R² over 85%. This study suggests that the proposed method of integrating the spectral information and the crop growth model could successfully dynamically simulate the Cd accumulation in rice tissues.  相似文献   

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Xiaokun Wang;Hai Zhi;Ronghua Zhang;Jiaxiang Gao;Pengfei Lin 《海洋学报(英文版)》2025,44(1):17-27

Marine heatwaves (MHWs) are extreme ocean events characterized by anomalously warm upper-ocean temperatures, posing significant threats to marine ecosystems. While various factors driving MHWs have been extensively studied, the role of ocean salinity remains poorly understood. This study investigates the influence of salinity on the major 2013–2014 MHW event in the Northeast Pacific using reanalysis data and climate model outputs. Our results show that salinity variabilities are crucial for the development of the MHW event. Notably, a significant negative correlation exists between sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs) and sea surface salinity anomalies (SSSAs) during the MHW, with the SSSAs emerging simultaneously with SSTAs in the same area. Negative salinity anomalies (SAs) result in a shallower mixed layer, which suppresses vertical mixing and thus sustains the upper-ocean warming. Moreover, salinity has a greater impact on mixed layer depth anomalies than temperature. Model sensitivity experiments further demonstrate that negative SAs during MHWs amplify positive SSTAs by enhancing upper-ocean stratification, intensifying the MHW. Additionally, our analysis indicates that the SAs are predominantly driven by local freshwater flux anomalies, which are mainly induced by positive precipitation anomalies during the MHW event.  相似文献