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1.
对安徽铜陵狮子山杨山冲尾矿库采集的酸矿水(AMD)及表层尾砂样品,采用FeTo选择性培养基,利用Overlay分离技术,获得了一株具有铁还原功能的细菌nju-Tl.形态观察、生理生化鉴定以及16S rRNA基因序列同源性分析结果表明,该菌株属于Acidithobacillus属.平板培养和液体培养实验证明,nju-Tl...  相似文献   

2.
研究砂岩型铀矿床中本源嗜酸性氧化亚铁硫杆菌(Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans,At.f)、嗜酸性氧化硫硫杆菌(Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans,At.t)对黄铁矿及铀矿浸出的协同作用。采用富集培养法、无机盐硅酸钠平板法对砂岩型铀矿中的硫杆菌分离纯化,通过分析菌株的形态学特征、生理生化结果及16S r DNA序列确定菌株的系统发育地位,并利用摇瓶培养法设计浸矿试验,向黄铁矿浸出体系中分别加入分离纯化的At.f、At.t及混合的At.f和At.t,检测p H值、氧化还原电位值(Eh值)的变化,浸矿40 d,测定浸矿体系的总铁离子浓度和硫酸根离子浓度,并分析黄铁矿矿渣表面形态及成分。根据黄铁矿的浸出结果,设计铀矿浸出试验,浸矿40 d,测定浸出体系中的p H值、Eh值、总铁离子浓度、硫酸根离子浓度等参数并计算四价铀的浸出率。结果表明,分离的两株优势菌中SW-2鉴定为嗜酸性氧化亚铁硫杆菌(At.f),SW-3鉴定为嗜酸性氧化硫硫杆菌(At.t)。At.f、At.t浸出黄铁矿和铀矿时存在协同作用,At.f为浸矿体系的强氧化剂,主要将Fe~(2+)氧化成Fe~(3+),Fe~(3+)将UO_2氧化成可溶性的UO_(2~(2+));At.t可为浸矿体系提供酸性环境;At.f:At.t=5:1试验组对黄铁矿和铀矿的浸矿效果最好,四价铀的浸出率为55.60%,黄铁矿矿渣表面形态显示细菌对黄铁矿存在直接的氧化作用;At.f、At.t高效浸出黄铁矿的菌量比例对以黄铁矿为伴生矿的铀矿的细菌浸出也具有明显的促进作用,研究结果可以为工业微生物浸铀时提供一定的支持并为以黄铁矿为伴生矿的其他矿物的微生物浸出提供参考。  相似文献   

3.
碳酸型矿水中低价铁氧化过程的水化学实验研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
斯贝.  葛王焰新 《地球科学》1995,20(5):570-574
铁元素氧化还原体系是影响天然水环境化学性质的重要因素。碳酸水生物活性组分之一的二价铁离子,是此类矿水中铁元素主要存在形式。碳酸水矿泉治疗学性质的恶性过程即主要为二价铁的氧化,我们的实验显示,碳酸水暴露于大气后,二价铁含量呈指数型衰减,三价铁含量出现峰值后即行降低,此峰值域基本对应于水溶液氧化还原电位的低值域,在氧化过程中,高价铁几乎全部以Fe(OH03形式存在于水中,且Fe(OH)3)胶体沉淀的最  相似文献   

4.
从青藏高原班戈桥地区土壤中分离到一株能利用原油为碳源生长的细菌(BGQ-6).通过16S rRNA基因序列比对及Biolog GENⅢ鉴定板确定该菌株为Rhodococcus qingshengii.将生长至对数期的菌株接入MM培养基,10℃、150 rpm条件下培养15 d后,通过GC法检测到该菌对原油的总降解率为74.14%,且对直链烷烃、支链烷烃、环烷烃和芳香烃等60种烃类有较高的降解率.通过特异性基因扩增检测到该菌株基因组中具有4个alk B和1个alm A两种烷烃羟化酶基因.  相似文献   

5.
张翠云  张胜  何泽  殷密英  宁卓 《地球学报》2014,35(2):223-229
本次研究的目的是利用传统的培养技术和现代的磷脂脂肪酸PLFA(Phosphor Lipid Fatty Acid)技术、Biolog技术、16 S rRNA基因变性梯度凝胶电泳DGGE(Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis)及测序技术,调查石家庄市南部污灌区厚近30 m包气带微生物含量、分布、活性和多样性,评价污灌区厚层包气带污染物自然衰减的微生物作用潜力。包气带沉积物样品通过岩芯钻探获得,用于物理、化学和微生物分析。结果显示,土壤层(5~20 cm)微生物含量高,活性高,代谢类型多,可培养的异养菌与自养菌、好氧异养菌、兼性厌氧异氧菌和专性厌氧异养菌共存;土壤层下伏包气带微生物含量较低,活性降低,代谢类型减少,可培养的细菌主要是好氧性异养菌、兼性厌氧异养菌和好氧自养菌,而且随岩性而变化,在砂层和重粘土层含量低,活性低,而在亚粘土层含量和活性大。研究结果指示土壤层具有很高的污染物生物自然衰减潜力,而且下伏包气带仍有这种潜力,特别是下部溶解有机碳DOC(Dissolved Organic Carbon)含量高的层位潜力更大。  相似文献   

6.
硫化物细菌氧化作用机理研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2       下载免费PDF全文
王恩德  关广岳 《地质学报》1993,67(3):221-231
从硫化物矿床酸性矿坑水中分离的细菌Thiobacillus Ferrooxidans直接作用于硫化物,有效地加速了硫化物的氧化过程。在细菌作用下硫酸铁可溶解微粒金,显示了细菌是硫化物矿床氧化带中金表生富集的重要微生物因素。在细菌氧化过程中,高浓度Fe~(3+)和SO_4~(2+)的硫酸盐溶液直接形成草黄铁矾;而在低浓度Fe~(3+)的硫酸盐溶液中形成针铁矿。同时,细菌的耐酸性和氧化功能,为酸性矿坑水的处理提供微生物化学途径。  相似文献   

7.
屈婧祎  童曼  袁松虎 《地球科学》2021,46(2):632-641
地质微生物是沉积环境中铁、锰氧化还原循环的主要驱动因子,铁锰共存环境中二价铁氧化对不同铁、锰循环功能微生物活性的影响差异和机制尚不清楚.以铁还原菌Shewanella oneidensis MR-1、铁氧化菌Pseudogulbenkiania sp.strain 2002、锰氧化菌Pseudomonas putida MnB1和Leptothrix discophora SS-1作为代表性的铁、锰循环功能微生物,利用平板计数、荧光显微镜等手段探究了Fe(II)氧化对功能微生物活性的影响差异及机制.结果表明0.05 mM Fe2+氧化60 min可使MR-1和MnB1的活菌数量降低4~5个数量级,SS-1及S.2002无显著失活.Fe(II)氧化产生的吸附态。OH和胞内。OH是细菌失活的主要原因,胞外H2O2、胞外游离态。OH和三价铁氧化物是细菌失活的次要原因,SS-1及S.2002产生了氧化应激反应,成功抵御了活性氧化物种.   相似文献   

8.
用赤泥去除酸性矿井水中重金属污染物的初步研究   总被引:5,自引:1,他引:5  
利用碱性赤泥去除酸性矿井水中的污染物。通过比较不同的赤泥改性方法、赤泥改性温度、反应温度、反应时间及赤泥和矿井水不同的固液比等条件下水样中的pH值和Cu、Zn、As、Cd、Hg、Pb重金属元素的去除率,获得各污染物元素的最佳去除条件。为治理赤泥和酸性矿井水的污染开辟一条新的途径。  相似文献   

9.
多金属矿山环境中矿物的微生物分解及环境效应研究进展   总被引:2,自引:2,他引:2  
多金属矿山矿物的分解不仅可以形成酸矿水,而且可释放大量有害元素,造成严重的环境污染.在矿物分解、元素释放、迁移、沉淀和富集过程中微生物起了非常重要的作用.在总结微生物分解矿物的机制、微生物-矿物界面作用及生物膜在矿物分解过程中所起的作用基础上,概述了酸矿水中微生物群落的特征和种系演化,对矿山环境金属硫化物生物氧化释放的有害元素的微生物地球化学循环过程以及重金属元素对微生物氧化作用的影响做了系统的论述并讨论了微生物在环境修复中的作用.  相似文献   

10.
利用PYGV、 R2A、 NB和Czapek 4种培养基, 研究了不同海拔下黑河上游祁连山区土壤细菌群落结构的变化规律.结果表明: 可培养细菌数量为4.6×106~37.0×106CFU·g-1, 随海拔升高明显减少; 基于16S rRNA基因序列分析共发现了7个门、 19个属、 26种细菌, 其中Agreia pratensis, Mucilaginibacter ximonensis, 嗜冷冷杆菌(Cryobacterium psychrophilum)和氧化节杆菌(Arthrobacter oxydans)四种细菌是优势种; 嗜冷冷杆菌的相对丰度在高海拔地区明显增加, Agreia pratensis的相对丰度随海拔升高而降低; 细菌的多样性随海拔升高呈现出先升高后降低的趋势. 冗余分析(RDA)显示, 可培养细菌数量与海拔呈显著负相关, 细菌的多样性与植被指数和土壤理化性质均存在明显的相关关系, 说明可培养细菌数量主要受海拔的影响, 而植被和土壤理化性质是影响细菌群落多样性的主要因素.  相似文献   

11.
Column leaching tests on black coal mine washery wastes were performed, to determine the chemistry of acid generation. Coal mine coarse rejects and tailings were subjected to wet and dry cycle dissolution and subsequently column leached. The rates of iron sulphide oxidation and carbonate mineral dissolution were determined based on the drainage chemistry. The kinetic data from column leach experiments are used to predict the time required to deplete the acid producing and acid consuming minerals in the mine wastes. The acid production in the mine rejects was found to depend upon iron chemistry, carbonate chemistry, diffusion of oxygen, and permeability. The chemistry of the drainage from two different coal mines is compared.  相似文献   

12.
This study identifies isotope signatures associated with autotrophic and heterotrophic microbial communities that may provide a means to determine carbon cycling relationships in situ for acid mine drainage (AMD) sites. Stable carbon isotope ratios (δ13C) of carbon sources, bulk cells, and membrane phospholipids (PLFA) were measured for autotrophic and heterotrophic microbial enrichment cultures from a mine tailings impoundment in northern Ontario, Canada, and for pure strains of the sulfur oxidizing bacteria Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans and Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans. The autotrophic enrichments had indistinguishable PLFA distributions from the pure cultures, and the PLFA cyc-C19:0 was determined to be a unique biomarker in this system for these sulfur oxidizing bacteria. The PLFA distributions produced by the heterotrophic enrichments were distinct from the autotrophic distributions and the C18:2 PLFA was identified as a biomarker for these heterotrophic enrichments. Genetic analysis (16S, 18S rRNA) of the heterotrophic cultures indicated that these communities were primarily composed of Acremonium fungi.Stable carbon isotope analysis revealed that bulk cellular material in all autotrophic cultures was depleted in δ13C by 5.6–10.9‰ relative to their atmospheric CO2 derived carbon source, suggesting that inorganic carbon fixation in these cultures is carbon limited. Individual PLFA from these autotrophs were further depleted by 8.2–14.6‰ compared to the bulk cell δ13C, which are among the largest biosynthetic isotope fractionation factors between bulk cell and PLFA reported in the literature. In contrast, the heterotrophic bulk cells were not significantly fractionated in δ13C relative to their carbon source and heterotrophic PLFA ranged from 3‰ enriched to 4‰ depleted relative to the isotopic composition of their total biomass. These distinct PLFA biomarkers and isotopic fractionations associated with autotrophic and heterotrophic activity in this laboratory study provide potential biomarkers for delineating autotrophic and heterotrophic carbon cycling in AMD environments.  相似文献   

13.
铜陵矿山酸性排水及固体废弃物中的重金属元素   总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8  
在调查中国铜陵凤凰山铜矿和新桥硫铁矿两种不同类型矿山固体废弃物特征的基础上,研究了矿山尾矿和废石产生酸性排水的可能性及其差异以及矿山固体废弃物中重金属元素的赋存形式。结果表明,凤凰山铜矿的尾矿基本不产生矿山酸性排水,而新桥硫铁矿采矿废石产生矿山酸性排水,并且凤凰山铜矿的尾矿和新桥硫铁矿采矿废石中重金属元素的赋存形式也有差异,前者重金属Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、As、Hg主要赋存于硅酸盐态中,而后者在还原态中有较高的含量,这反映了在地表条件下尾矿中大量重金属元素已经发生了迁移,而采矿废石已经开始氧化,且酸性排水的存在更有利于废石中重金属元素的迁移和扩散,进而导致矿区周围环境的污染。  相似文献   

14.
Acid mine drainage biogeochemistry at Iron Mountain,California   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  

The Richmond Mine at Iron Mountain, Shasta County, California, USA provides an excellent opportunity to study the chemical and biological controls on acid mine drainage (AMD) generation in situ, and to identify key factors controlling solution chemistry. Here we integrate four years of field-based geochemical data with 16S rRNA gene clone libraries and rRNA probe-based studies of microbial population structure, cultivation-based metabolic experiments, arsenopyrite surface colonization experiments, and results of intermediate sulfur species kinetics experiments to describe the Richmond Mine AMD system. Extremely acidic effluent (pH between 0.5 and 0.9) resulting from oxidation of approximately 1 × 105 to 2 × 105 moles pyrite/day contains up to 24 g/1 Fe, several g/1 Zn and hundreds of mg/l Cu. Geochemical conditions change markedly over time, and are reflected in changes in microbial populations. Molecular analyses of 232 small subunit ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA) gene sequences from six sites during a sampling time when lower temperature (<32°C), higher pH (>0.8) conditions predominated show the dominance of Fe-oxidizing prokaryotes such as Ferroplasma and Leptospirillum in the primary drainage communities. Leptospirillum group III accounts for the majority of Leptospirillum sequences, which we attribute to anomalous physical and geochemical regimes at that time. A couple of sites peripheral to the main drainage, "Red Pool" and a pyrite "Slump," were even higher in pH (>1) and the community compositions reflected this change in geochemical conditions. Several novel lineages were identified within the archaeal Thermoplasmatales order associated with the pyrite slump, and the Red Pool (pH 1.4) contained the only population of Acidithiobacillus. Relatively small populations of Sulfobacillus spp. and Acidithiobacillus caldus may metabolize elemental sulfur as an intermediate species in the oxidation of pyritic sulfide to sulfate. Experiments show that elemental sulfur which forms on pyrite surfaces is resistant to most oxidants; its solublization by unattached cells may indicate involvement of a microbially derived electron shuttle. The detachment of thiosulfate (S2O32-) as a leaving group in pyrite oxidation should result in the formation and persistence of tetrathionate in low pH ferric iron-rich AMD solutions. However, tetrathionate is not observed. Although a S2O32--like species may form as a surface-bound intermediate, data suggest that Fe3+ oxidizes the majority of sulfur to sulfate on the surface of pyrite. This may explain why microorganisms that can utilize intermediate sulfur species are scarce compared to Fe-oxidizing taxa at the Richmond Mine site.

  相似文献   

15.
Sediments recovered from the flooded mine workings of the Penn Mine, a Cu-Zn mine abandoned since the early 1960s, were cultured for anaerobic bacteria over a range of pH (4.0 to 7.5). The molecular biology of sediments and cultures was studied to determine whether sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) were active in moderately acidic conditions present in the underground mine workings. Here we document multiple, independent analyses and show evidence that sulfate reduction and associated metal attenuation are occurring in the pH-4 mine environment. Water-chemistry analyses of the mine water reveal: (1) preferential complexation and precipitation by H2S of Cu and Cd, relative to Zn; (2) stable isotope ratios of 34S/32S and 18O/16O in dissolved SO4 that are 2–3 ‰ heavier in the mine water, relative to those in surface waters; (3) reduction/oxidation conditions and dissolved gas concentrations consistent with conditions to support anaerobic processes such as sulfate reduction. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) analyses of sediment show 1.5-micrometer, spherical ZnS precipitates. Phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analyses of Penn Mine sediment show a high biomass level with a moderately diverse community structure composed primarily of iron- and sulfate-reducing bacteria. Cultures of sediment from the mine produced dissolved sulfide at pH values near 7 and near 4, forming precipitates of either iron sulfide or elemental sulfur. DGGE coupled with sequence and phylogenetic analysis of 16S rDNA gene segments showed populations of Desulfosporosinus and Desulfitobacterium in Penn Mine sediment and laboratory cultures.  相似文献   

16.
酸性矿山废水(acid mine drainage,AMD)是一类pH低并含有大量有毒金属元素的废水。AMD及受其影响的环境中次生高铁矿物类型主要包括羟基硫酸高铁矿物(如黄铁矾和施威特曼石等)和一些含水氧化铁矿物(如针铁矿和水铁矿等),而且这些矿物在不同条件下会发生相转变,如施氏矿物向针铁矿或黄铁矾矿物相转化。基于酸性环境中生物成因次生矿物的形成会"自然钝化"或"清除"废水中铁和有毒金属这一现象所获得的启示,提出利用这些矿物作为环境吸附材料去除地下水中砷,不但吸附量大(如施氏矿物对As的吸附可高达120mg/g),而且可直接吸附As(III),还几乎不受地下水中其他元素影响。利用AMD环境中羟基硫酸高铁矿物形成的原理,可将其应用于AMD石灰中和主动处理系统中,构成"强化微生物氧化诱导成矿-石灰中和"的联合主动处理系统,以提高AMD处理效果和降低石灰用量。利用微生物强化氧化与次生矿物晶体不断生长的原理构筑生物渗透性反应墙(PRB)并和石灰石渗透沟渠耦联,形成新型的AMD联合被动处理系统,这将有助于大幅度增加处理系统的寿命和处理效率。此外,文中还探讨了上述生物成因矿物形成在AMD和地下水处理方面应用的优点以及今后需要继续研究的问题。  相似文献   

17.
 Several mines in the Witbank coalfield in South Africa are affected by acid mine drainage. This has led to a deterioration in the water quality in many surface streams. The Loubert Mine is one such mine. Hence, an initial investigation was carried out to determine the source of acid mine drainage pollution and the associated hydrogeological conditions. The investigation showed that most of the acid mine drainage is emanating from old opencast workings which have been backfilled. Most of the water from the backfilled area drains into control reservoirs. Unfortunately their capacity is limited, which means that water overspills and seeps from them. This water finds its way into a nearby stream, the water of which accordingly has an unacceptably low pH value and high sulphate content. The proposals advanced to control the problem basically involve inhibiting the amount of water infiltrating the backfilled opencast area on the one hand and reducing the amount of water entering the control reservoirs on the other. Received: 5 March 1997 · Accepted: 17 June 1997  相似文献   

18.
从安徽铜陵杨山冲尾矿库采集表层尾矿样品,通过砷富集培养,从3份样品中筛选得到3株具有较强As(Ⅲ) 抗性的细菌 WK-21、WK-31 和 WK-32,用不同 NaAsO2 浓度的 LB 培养基对菌株进行砷抗性检测,结果这3株菌分别能耐受32、56和50 mmol/L的As(Ⅲ),具有较高的耐砷性.对这3株菌进行不同梯度浓度 As(Ⅲ) 环境中的生长规律研究,结果表明砷在低浓度时对细菌生长有轻微促进作用或者几乎没影响,但随着砷浓度增大,抑制作用明显增强.根据对这3株菌进行形态观察、生理生化鉴定以及16S rDNA序列比对分析,鉴定出这3株菌分别属于Arthrobacter sp.、Rhodococcus equi和Paenibacillus sp.菌属.由于这些菌株分离于尾矿库的尾矿堆中,因此,本文研究结果为进一步研究尾矿库金属污染的微生物修复及微生物抗金属机制提供了材料.  相似文献   

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