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1.
青藏高原南羌塘石炭纪-二叠世地层中侵入大量的辉绿玢岩岩墙群,其侵位时代为晚古生代。区域资料显示,这一时期该地区处于冈瓦纳大陆北部边缘。岩石化学、地球化学特征表明,辉绿玢岩与洋脊型、洋岛型及典型的大陆裂谷玄武岩都有明显区别,显示出大陆拉张带(或初始裂谷)的拉斑玄武岩特征。辉绿玢岩是冈瓦纳被动陆缘在晚古生代裂解的产物。  相似文献   

2.
南秦岭元古宙板内火山作用特征及构造意义   总被引:18,自引:2,他引:18  
南秦岭元古宙火山岩主要由两大类岩石构成,一类为SiO245%-57%的基性火山岩系,另一类为SiO267%-78%的酸性火山岩系,主要岩石类型为细碧岩、玄武岩和石英角班岩、流纹岩。基性火山岩整体上属拉斑玄武岩系列,酸性火山岩属钙碱系列。火山岩强烈富集稀土元素,尤其是轻稀土元素,酸性火山岩和基性火山岩有相似的稀土元素特征,显示了源区特征的不同。基性火山岩富集强不相容元素,相对亏损Nb和Ti, 成于大陆裂谷环境,具有大陆拉斑玄武岩的特征。同位素特征表明基性火山作用与地幔柱活动密切相关。南秦岭的中、晚元古代大陆拉张及由古地幔柱活动所引发的陆裂火山岩浆活动是古秦岭洋打开的先兆。  相似文献   

3.
据研究指出,滇西南地区发育有三个系列的晚古生代火山岩:碱性橄榄玄武岩系列、大陆拉斑玄武岩系列和类似MORB拉斑玄武岩系列。地质、地球化学特征反映它们可能是保山一掸邦地块东缘昌宁一孟连晚古生代裂谷(局部向初始洋点转化),而不大可能是宽阔洋底和洋岛的火山作用产物。  相似文献   

4.
德钦羊拉地区火山岩形成的构造环境讨论   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
羊拉地区的火山岩分为块状和层状两类,它们分别形成早石炭世和晚石炭世,块状火山岩呈单一拉斑玄武岩组合,层状火山岩的岩石类型以拉斑玄武岩和角闪安山岩为主,形成玄武岩-安山岩岩石组合,块状火山岩具有准洋脊型火岩特征,层状火山岩与大陆裂谷火山岩特征一致,火山岩形成的构造环境,是在扬子地块西缘基础上发展起来的裂谷洋盆,块状火山岩发育于裂谷洋盆中央(堆洋脊)层状火山岩则发育于裂谷洋盆的陆缘斜坡(次大陆)羊拉铜  相似文献   

5.
李永飞  王娟 《西北地质》2005,38(1):15-25
利用岩石地球化学的方法,研究了羌塘地块南界班公湖-丁青断裂带中晚中生代火山岩。结果表明,研究区火山岩由拉斑系列大洋玄武岩(MORB)和钙碱性系列岛弧玄武岩(IAB)、玄武安山岩、安山岩、英安岩和流纹岩组成。拉斑系列的洋中脊玄武岩微量元素原始地幔的标准化配分型式,明显不同于N—MORB玄武岩,而具有岛弧型的MORB特征(Ta、Nb的相对亏损),说明其成因与岛弧环境有一定联系。本区钙碱性系列的岛弧玄武岩(IAB)、安山岩、英安岩和流纹岩在Hacker图解中,微量、稀土元素标准化配分型式上显示出岩浆同源性的特征。通过对研究区内分布的大洋玄武岩、岛弧玄武岩厘定,推断班公湖-丁青缝合带在晚中生代期间可能发育过一个完整的有限洋盆,这将对于进一步研究羌塘地块与其周边各地体的大陆动力学作用过程具有重要意义。  相似文献   

6.
昌宁—孟连地区火山岩系基本特征及构造环境的认识   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
李兴林 《云南地质》1997,16(2):165-183
昌宁-孟连地区是我国研究古特提斯演化的重点地区之一,该区不同时代火山岩的性质为大地构造演化提供了重要依据。(1)变质火山岩,由玄武岩-玄武安山岩及偏碱性玄武岩所组成,时代可能为晚一中元古代,具有大洋中脊型玄武岩特征;(2)下石炭统火山岩,由橄榄玄武岩-碱性橄榄玄武岩组成,具裂谷洋盆玄武岩特征;.(3)上二叠统火山岩,为一套高镁质偏碱性的基性一超基性火山岩,具快速张裂之裂谷洋盆玄武岩特征;(4)上二叠统-三叠系火山岩,为一套碱性中基性火山岩,以爆发相为主,其喷发环境显示由浅水相向陆相的转化,具弧后裂谷火山岩特征。上列各期火山岩展示,昌宁-孟连地区大地构造发展是从残留洋盆经历过两度“打开-闭合”的过程。晚古生代(石炭纪-二叠纪)该区从被动大陆边缘裂陷逐渐发展为局部具有新生洋壳性质之裂谷系环境。  相似文献   

7.
藏南江孜盆地北缘火山岩地球化学特征及其大地构造背景   总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3  
江孜盆地北缘火山岩可分为2个火山岩带,各带又有2个喷发旋回不同时代的火山岩具相似的岩石化学特征,表现为富钛、富铝、富钠、低钾的特点,属拉斑玄武岩系列,三叠纪和早白垩世火山岩的痕量元素具富集大离子不相容元素的特肛.稀土元素及其球粒陨石标准化配分型式显示其喷发构造背景为大陆裂谷环境。晚白垩世火山岩的痕量元素特征可分为富集大离子不相容元素、高场强元素和仅富集大离子不相容元素2种类型,上下层位的稀土元素特征和配分型式不同,喷发的构造环境分别为大陆裂谷环境和大洋环境。结合区域地质成果认为,雅鲁藏布江结合带在三叠纪和早白垩世时为大陆裂谷构造环境,晚白垩世早期为大陆裂谷向大洋演化的构造背景,晚期形成洋壳,其形成至少经历了4次脉动式的演化过程  相似文献   

8.
本文通过对基性火山岩样品的综合研究,论述了该岩组的岩石学特征;着重阐述了稀土元素、痕量元素含量变化特征;论证了万宝沟群中的基性火山岩的成因。指出万宝沟基性火山岩既有别于大洋正常拉斑玄武岩,也不同于大陆拉斑玄武岩,而是来源于上地幔,属于分异作用不发育、略偏碱性、于浅-中海环境中形成的洋岛型拉斑玄武岩。  相似文献   

9.
南秦岭勉县-略阳结合带中超基性岩类主要为方辉橄榄岩和纯橄榄岩,稀土特征为轻稀土亏损,铕富集型;辉绿岩均为轻稀土富集型。变质火山岩可区分为两种组合:一为轻稀土亏损的洋脊拉斑玄武岩,其Ti/V.Th/Ta、Th/Yb、Ta/Yb表明其为MORB型玄武岩,代表本区消失了的洋壳岩石,指示本区晚古生代一早中生代期间的一个古洋盆。另一类为岛弧火山岩组合,除岛弧拉斑玄武岩外,甚至还有大量中、酸性岛弧火山岩,它们并非洋壳的物质组成,而是大陆弧岩浆活动的产物。这表明勉略洋盆在晚古生代-早中生代期间曾经经历过一个较完整的有限洋盆的发生、发展与消亡过程,这期间秦岭已成为一独立的岩石圈微板块,其南缘具有活动大陆边缘的构造属性,秦岭并非华北与扬子陆块之间的简单碰撞产物。  相似文献   

10.
张双全  朱勤文 《现代地质》1995,9(4):391-401
孟连晚古生代火山岩可分为3类,即略亏损-略富集火山岩类、中等富集火山岩类和强富集火山岩类。地球化学及岩石组合特征表明本区火山岩可归入3个构造岩浆组合,即与NMORB相比略富集的洋脊玄武岩型、富集洋脊玄武岩(P-MORB)与洋岛拉斑玄武岩(OITB)过渡型及洋岛碱性玄武岩(OIAB)型。  相似文献   

11.
The composition of ophiolites widespread in the southern Urals shows that they were formed in a suprasubduction setting. Low-Ti and high-Mg sheeted dikes and volcanic rocks vary from basalt to andesite, and many varieties belong to boninite series. The rocks of this type extend as a 600-km tract. The volcanic rocks contain chert interbeds with Emsian conodonts. Plagiogranites localized at the level of the sheeted dike complex and related to this complex genetically are dated at 400 Ma. The ophiolites make up a base of thick islandarc volcanic sequence. The composition of the igneous rocks and the parameters of their metamorphism indicate that subduction and ascent of a mantle plume participated in their formation. The nonstationary subduction at the intraoceanic convergent plate boundary developed, at least, from the Middle Ordovician.  相似文献   

12.
Although remnants of a Permian volcanic arc in the South Island of New Zealand have hitherto been considered to comprise a single volcanostratigraphic unit, recent work in the southern part of the arc has revealed the presence of two lithologically distinct terranes, only one of which is definitely Permian in age. Major and trace element analyses of representative specimens show that these terranes are geochemically distinct. Comparison with modern volcanic arcs indicates that this ancient arc in the South Island was a paired arc system made up of primitive island arc tholeiites to the east and more evolved andesitic rocks to the west.  相似文献   

13.
Based on the geochemical characteristics of the Miocene-Quaternary volcanic rocks of the Sredinny Range of Kamchatka, we divide it into northern and southern provinces; the latter comprises the “eastern”, “western”, and “central” flanks. We present new data on the composition of Neogene-Quaternary volcanic rocks in the southern part of the Sredinny Range of Kamchatka: Khangar and Icha volcanic massifs and Mt. Yurtinaya on the “western” flank, Bystrinsky and Kozyrevsky Ridges on the “eastern” flank, and Anaunsky Dol and Uksichan massif located in between. We show systematic differences in the composition of rocks from the “western” and “eastern” flanks. During the Neogene, a typical island-arc volcanism took place within the “eastern” flank. Quaternary volcanic rocks of this area have both island-arc and within-plate geochemical features. We propose to call rocks of this type hybrid rocks. Within the “western” flank, hybrid volcanism has been manifested since the Neogene, while typical island-arc rocks are not found. Magma generation processes on the “western” flank of the Sredinny Ridge are influenced by an enriched mantle source; the effect of fluid is less pronounced here as compared to the rocks of the “eastern” flank, where it is clearly traced.  相似文献   

14.
The vertical section of volcanic rocks in the Khan-Bogd Late Paleozoic depression, southern Mongolia, in the belt of southern Mongolian Hercynides contains comendites. The basement of the depression is made up of Devonian ophiolites (older than 362 Ma) overlain by volcanic associations of an active continental margin (ACM) (dated at 330 Ma) and a bimodal association (dated at approximately 290 Ma), which is subdivided into a lower unit (BLU), dacites of the intermediate layer (IL), and a bimodal association of the upper unit (BUU). The volcanic associations of the Devonian and ACM are calc-alkaline and poor in TiO2. The BLU rocks have higher alkalinity and TiO2 concentrations and show a transition from the tholeiitic to calc-alkaline series in the course of differentiation with the origin of comendites and trachyrhyolites, including those with adakite characteristics. The IL dacites are analogues of calc-alkaline magmas of the ACM type. The BUU volcanic association is composed of tholeiite basalts with moderate Ti concentrations (of the MORB type), comendites, and trachyrhyolites, with a compositional gap at rocks of intermediate composition. The variations in the canonical ratios of incompatible trace elements and petrochemical parameters of the Khan-Bogd volcanic rocks show that their parental magmas were derived mostly from a source of basalts of the arc type (IAB) with the addition of variable proportions of a source of the MORB type. The greatest role of the latter is identified in the magmas of the bimodal association. BLU and BUU are separated by IL, a fact testifying that the bimodal volcanism occurred simultaneously with normal dacite continental-marginal volcanism. Although the geodynamic environments in which volcanic rocks were formed somewhat varied during the development of the Khan-Bogd depression, a subduction environment remained predominant, and the volcanic rocks were derived from an IAB-type source. The subduction volcanic associations produced thereby are differentiated and vary in composition from basites to dacite and rhyolite, which could be formed at the assimilation of continental crustal material (CC). Conceivably, the bimodal volcanic association was generated when the subduction zone was approached by a mid-oceanic ridge, whose material could be added in appreciable amounts to the subduction sources. The volcanic evolution of the Khan-Bogd depression shows an evolution of geodynamic environments and the composition of the volcanic rocks generally resembling those in the western margin of North America in the Cenozoic. The acid BLU and BUU rocks were most probably generated by different mechanisms. The BLU comendites and trachyrhyolites were likely formed by the crystallization differentiation of an arc basite magma of elevated alkalinity. The acid BUU rocks resulted from the anatexis of basites of this association, particularly spilitized ones (as well as any other basites) and the subsequent crystallization differentiation of the anatectic magmas.  相似文献   

15.
浙江晚中生代大规模火山活动始于晚侏罗世还是早白垩世,长期以来存在争议。本文对浙南龙泉地区火山岩进行了锆石U-Pb定年,获得一批高精度的年代学数据,其SHRIMP锆石U-Pb和LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄集中于163~145 Ma,确认浙江晚中生代火山活动始于晚侏罗世。地球化学特征和Sr-Nd同位素特征表明这套晚侏罗世火山岩具有高硅、高钾、低磷、贫铁镁的特征,属于过铝质高钾钙碱性岩石系列。由于晚中生代太平洋板块的俯冲作用,导致了下部地壳物质(基底变质岩)广泛熔融,形成了本区晚侏罗世火山岩浆活动。为了便于表达、对比,笔者建议新建"晚侏罗世黄茅尖群"地层单位。  相似文献   

16.
Two major divisions of the New England Fold Belt, Zone A and Zone B, are separated by the Peel Fault. Deposition in these two zones was probably contemporaneous (Lower Palaeozoic ‐ Lower Permian). Terminal orogenesis in both zones was also contemporaneous (Middle Permian) but whereas in Zone A deformation was only moderate, metamorphism was of burial type, and granitic emplacement was uncommon, in Zone B many rocks were severely deformed and regionally metamorphosed, and both syn‐tectonic and post‐tectonic granites are widespread.

Pre‐orogenic palaeogeography is envisaged in terms of an evolving volcanic chain ‐ fore‐chain basin ‐ trench system, with an outer non‐volcanic arc developed in the Carboniferous. Cessation of movement on a subduction zone dipping westward beneath the volcanic chain is believed to have caused the Middle Permian deformation, but neither metamorphism nor the granitic rocks are directly related to subduction.  相似文献   

17.
The Ordovician terrigenous, volcanic–sedimentary and volcanic sequences that formed in rifts of the active continental margin and igneous complexes of intraoceanic suprasubduction settings structurally related to ophiolites are closely spaced in allochthons of the Sakmara Zone in the southern Urals. The stratigraphic relationships of the Ordovician sequences have been established. Their age and facies features have been specified on the basis of biostratigraphic and geochronological data. The gabbro–tonalite–trondhjemite complex and the basalt–andesite–rhyolite sequence with massive sulfide mineralization make up a volcanic–plutonic association. These rock complexes vary in age from Late Ordovician to Early Silurian in certain structural units of the Sakmara Allochthon and to the east in the southern Urals. The proposed geodynamic model for the Ordovician in Paleozoides of the southern Urals reconstructs the active continental margin, whose complexes formed under extension settings, and the intraoceanic suprasubduction structures. The intraoceanic complexes display the evolution of a volcanic arc, back-, or interarc trough.  相似文献   

18.
Ordovician complexes of the convergent margins of lithospheric plates are established in the Paleozoides of the southern Urals. Several types of Ordovician sections that make up allochthons and characterize different geodynamic settings are thoroughly studied and dated on the basis of conodont biostratigraphy. The geochemistry and petrology of volcanic rocks bear information on the evolution of the Paleoural ocean and the convergent relationships of plates from the end of the Llanvirnian. The suprasubduction volcanic activity in the Late Ordovician gave way to within-plate volcanism of extension zones, the development of which continued into the Early Silurian.  相似文献   

19.
藏南定日白垩纪火山岩岩石学与地球化学初步研究   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3       下载免费PDF全文
本文描述了西藏定日白垩纪火山岩的地质、岩石学、岩石地球化学特征和构造造背景。该火山岩岩石类型有蚀变英安岩和蚀变安山岩,其岩石化学成分特征表明岩石为二氧化硅过饱、铝过饱和类型,属亚碱性拉斑玄武岩系列。岩石稀土元素配分曲线呈强烈右倾的轻稀土富集型;微量元素配分模式图呈锯齿状“多隆起”型,类似于岛弧火山岩的微量元素配分模式。综合判定该期火山岩形成于大陆边缘造山带岛弧构造环境。  相似文献   

20.
安徽南部侏罗至白垩纪屯溪盆地位于NE向中下扬子火山岩带和NNE向中国东南部火山岩带的交接部位,其火山岩的年代学和成因研究可以提供华南晚中生代构造演化的信息。4个火山岩样品的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄及其岩石地球化学数据指示屯溪盆地发育两期火山岩:早期火山岩形成于156~152 Ma,为中、高钾钙碱性系列,稀土元素分布型式为轻稀土元素富集的右倾型,铕负异常不明显,富集轻稀土元素和大离子亲石元素,亏损高场强元素Nb、Ti、P;晚期火山岩形成于136~130 Ma,具有双峰式火山岩特征,其酸性组分属中钾钙碱性系列,稀土元素分布型式为右倾斜的"V"型,铕负异常明显,同样具有富集轻稀土元素、大离子亲石元素及亏损高场强元素Nb、Ti、P的特征。皖南屯溪盆地晚侏罗世-早白垩世火山活动类似于中国东南部火山岩带。结合前人资料,认为屯溪盆地晚侏罗世火山岩形成于挤压构造环境,而早白垩世火山岩形成于伸展环境,其成因与晚侏罗至早白垩世古太平洋板块俯冲角度变化和俯冲板片后撤作用有关。  相似文献   

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