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1.
通过桑沟湾周边海域高分辨率浅地层剖面的地质解译,结合典型钻孔沉积地层的对比分析,揭示了研究区晚更新世以来的层序地层序列。研究表明,桑沟湾周边海域晚更新世以来的地层上覆于基岩之上,自下而上识别出了具有层序意义的3个声学地层单元(SU2、SU1-2、SU1-1),与钻孔的3个沉积地层单元(DU2、DU1-2、DU1-1)对应性良好。桑沟湾周边海域晚更新世以来的层序序列,形成于末次冰盛期低海面时期及早-中全新世高海面以来,自下而上包括低水位体系域(河流-河道充填相沉积)、海侵体系域(潮流沙脊与滨海相沉积)、高水位体系域(浅海相沉积)。研究区低水位体系域受河流下切侵蚀作用,沉积厚度变化较大,介于0~15 m;海侵体系域的沉积厚度普遍介于4.5~5.5 m,分布广泛;高水位体系域由岸向海,自西南至东北沉积厚度逐渐增加,最厚处超过30 m。  相似文献   

2.
台湾海峡西部海域晚更新世3次“海侵”依据的探讨   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
周定成  孙全  许志峰 《台湾海峡》2011,30(3):324-329
晚更新世是全球气候环境与海陆变迁频繁的重要地质时期.通过对上世纪80年代采集的活塞柱状样(长度〈6.5111)的分析研究,曾提出晚更新世台湾海峡存在“金门海侵”、“福州海侵”、“海峡海侵”3次海侵.为提高台湾海峡第四纪地质研究和认知水平,本文探讨了3次“海侵”的立论依据,认为现有柱状样沉积层是晚更新世一全新世的浅表层沉积.台湾海峡具有开放性沉积条件,该浅表层沉积层的”c年龄数据应用于地层年代可能偏老.此3次“海侵”地层划分依据不足,存在疑点,尤其是“海峡海侵”.台湾海峡海底已发现数量及种类丰富的晚更新世各气候带陆生哺乳类动物遗骨,并有古人类遗骨化石,这些表明台湾海峡海底在玉木冰期鼎盛时期曾经出露成陆,并可能成为东亚大陆东缘冰期海退的海滨平原上,惟一有各种气候带古动物与古人类的生存地和避难地。  相似文献   

3.
通过高分辨率浅地层剖面声学地层与钻孔沉积地层的综合对比分析,系统研究了晚更新世以来南黄海中部海域的层序地层序列及其对海平面变化的响应。研究显示,基于高分辨率浅地层剖面自老至新划分的6个声学地层单元(U5、U4、U3、U2、U1-2、U1-1)与钻孔划分的沉积地层单元密切相关。MIS4期与末次冰盛期低海面时期发育的2个层序界面(R4、R2),将研究区晚更新世以来的层序地层自下而上划分为3个层序(SQ3、SQ2、SQ1),并识别出3期进积体序列与2期古河流系统。MIS5期与MIS3期高海面及海平面下降期间的2期东向进积体序列主要包括高位体系域与强制海退体系域,对应浅海—滨海沉积,厚度分别由西部的24 m与40 m向东明显变薄,而全新世高海面以来向海的进积体序列主要对应高位体系域,与长江源的浅海相泥质沉积相关,最大厚度超过16 m。研究区MIS4期和末次冰盛期发育的2期古河流系统与低位体系域相对应,最大沉积厚度分别超过36 m与24 m,均与长江及黄河密切相关,影响范围延伸至黄海槽及其以东海域,尤其末次冰盛期最远可达济州岛附近海域。  相似文献   

4.
广东东江三角洲第四纪沉积特征   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1  
通过钻探、野外考察和资料研究,本文认为广东东江三角洲的第四纪沉积物可分为晚更新世中-晚期和全新世两个沉积旋回.所研究的沉积物的最早年代为40ka B P,最大沉积厚度39.5m,该地发生过晚更新世中期海侵和全新世海侵;前者越过中堂地区,后者可影响到赤岭峡口.该地区可以划分为Q32-i冲积阶段,Q32-2古三角洲堆积阶段,Q33风化及冲积阶段,Q41-Q42新三角洲堆积阶段,Q43现代三角洲堆积及扩展阶段等五个沉积阶段.  相似文献   

5.
本文利用珠江口盆地四个工程钻井的古生物、古地磁、同位素及沉积物资料,对钻孔所揭露的地层进行划分,认为所钻遇的地层包括下更新统(上部)、中更新统、上更新统及全新统。依据古生物分异度及含量作出海平面变化曲线,识别出十个海侵期,利用钙质超微化石特征种的初现面和末现面资料,将本区海平面变化曲线与太平洋V_(28-239)氧同位素曲线对比,分析了本区晚第四纪以来的沉积环境和气候,认为早更新世晚期,中更新世中期,晚更新世早期及全新世本区气候温暖,沉积环境属陆架浅海环境。  相似文献   

6.
利用最新采集的高分辨率浅地层剖面资料,结合SHD-1钻孔岩心资料,对东海北部外陆架MIS 6以来的地层结构进行了分析,建立了MIS 6以来的沉积地层格架,并对地层的地质年代进行了厘定。根据Octavian Catuneanu(2005)的层序地层学理论,研究区地层划分出海侵和高位体系域、下降期体系域、海退和低位体系域。研究表明,过孔的浅地层剖面与钻孔岩心的沉积地层有很好的对应关系。东海北部外陆架MIS 6以来可划分出7个不整合界面(D7—D1)和7个地震单元(SU_7—SU_1)。东海外陆架的海进层序与海退层序有规律地交替发育,它们与海平面变化曲线也有很好的对应关系。其中,地震单元SU_1、SU_5分别为MIS 1、MIS 5形成的海侵沉积,主要发育浅海沉积层,100 m以浅的位置发育潮流沙脊;地震单元SU_2、SU_4、SU_6分别对应MIS 2、MIS 4和MIS 6低海平面时期形成的河流/河口—三角洲沉积;地震单元SU3、SU4为下降期体系域,这两个亚单元分别对应MIS 3和MIS 4晚期。MIS 4—MIS 3发育厚层且分布广泛的水下三角洲,但MIS 4发育的水下三角洲的规模不及MIS 3大。总之,对MIS 6以来沉积地层格架的建立和古环境研究可为东海外陆架晚第四纪地层的海平面变化、古环境演化等相关研究提供参考。  相似文献   

7.
通过对辽东湾高分辨率浅地层剖面声学地层与典型钻孔沉积地层的对比分析,揭示了研究区晚第四纪MIS5以来的地层层序。辽东湾高分辨率浅地层剖面自下而上划定的6个声学地层单元(SU5、SU4、SU3、SU2、SU12、SU11)与钻孔岩芯划分的6个沉积地层单元(DU5、DU4、DU3、DU2、DU12、DU11)具有良好的对应关系。分别与MIS4期、MIS2期低海面时期的沉积间断密切相关的两个层序界面R5、R3,将辽东湾识别出的地层单元自下而上划分为3个层序(SQ3、SQ2、SQ1)。其中SQ3仅识别出上部的海侵体系域与高水位体系域,对应MIS5期海平面相对较高时期的滨浅海相沉积(DU5);SQ2自下而上由低水位体系域(MIS4期的河流相与河道充填相沉积(DU4))与海侵体系域(MIS3期早中期滨海相沉积(DU3))组成;SQ1自下而上包括低水位体系域(MIS2期的河流相与河道充填相沉积(DU2))、海侵体系域(全新世早中期滨海相沉积(DU12))高水位体系域(全新世高海面以来的浅海相沉积(DU11))。研究区的海侵体系域厚度较薄且变化较小,分布广泛,而低水位体系域厚度与横向分布均变化较大。  相似文献   

8.
南黄海中西部晚更新世沉积地层结构及其意义   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
利用1992—1993航次和1999航次获得的2000多公里的浅地层剖面资料,结合QC2钻孔岩芯的测年数据,对南黄海中西部海域晚更新世沉积地层结构进行了分析,并对地层进行了地质年代标定。研究结果表明,南黄海中西部晚更新统可划分出8个地震地层单元(U1~U8),它们所反映的相对海平面变化与全球海平面变化基本上相一致。根据沉积厚度、QC2孔岩心和地震反射结构特征推测,晚更新世早期(氧同位素5e)QC2孔附近区域发育古长江水下三角洲;而晚更新世中期(氧同位素3期),研究区西部也发育古三角洲沉积,究竟是古长江还是古黄河形成的还有待于进一步研究。南黄海北部盆地边界断层的构造活动一直延续到全新世初期,在一定程度上影响了来自西部沉积物的空间分布特征,并对晚更新世海平面上升时岸线向陆的推主牛、大面积湖泊的形成起了重要作用。  相似文献   

9.
海南岛红树林泥炭的海侵成因研究及其意义   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
本文在海南岛全新世红树林泥炭及其含沉积特特征,形成环境详细研究的基础上,对比会南晚更新世以来的海平面变化,综合分析得出:红树林泥炭形成于泥炭坪相;晚更新世晚期-全新世的快速海侵为含炭沉积的形成提供了古地理背景;红树林泥炭发育于4000a以来的海平面波动上升时期;泥炭坪的发育主要取决于海平面的上升速度和植物有机质的堆积速度。海南岛全新世海侵成碳的研究为华北晚古生代含煤建筑的解释提供了比较沉积学的论据  相似文献   

10.
王辉  夏非  张永战  高抒  李家彪 《海洋学报》2019,41(3):134-142
南黄海曾是长江和黄河两大河流输送的陆源沉积物重要的汇,其沉积记录含有河流演化的丰富信息。江苏海岸中部、南黄海西侧、辐射沙脊群西北的西洋潮流通道及其邻区受到古黄河与古长江的交互影响,其古地貌与沉积地层等研究尚显不足。利用该区多次采集获得的长约380 km的浅层地震剖面数据,结合钻孔资料,分析了西洋浅部地震层序,探讨了其沉积环境特征。研究结果表明,西洋潮流通道区域在平均海面以下33~49 m处,存在一个强振幅、中频率、高连续性的区域性反射界面,与对比钻孔中滨岸沼泽沉积的顶面相对应,代表一个不整合的古地貌面;该界面深度的空间插值结果反演的古地貌面与下伏的沟槽状切割-充填反射结构,揭示了数条沿NE方向延伸的古水道,并集中分布于古地貌面北部相对低洼的区域,为南黄海内陆架晚更新世某古水系的一部分;该古地貌面系末次冰消期的海侵冲刷面,其上覆是全新世滨浅海沉积,下伏是晚更新世末期的洪泛平原或滨岸沼泽或充填下切古河道或古潮道等沉积。对该区域性反射界面的深入研究有助于弄清南黄海西部晚更新世以来的沉积体系演化历史,提升对辐射沙脊群形成演化的认识。  相似文献   

11.
对取自台湾浅滩西北部福建东山岛外的浅钻ZK2孔进行了包括AMS14C测年、粒度、微体古生物、碎屑矿物和黏土矿物等分析。结果表明该孔地层中存在两个明显的海相层和其间的两个陆相层,顶部的海相层为全新世高海平面以来形成的被现代潮流作用改造的现代沉积和残留沉积混合体;底部陆相层为MIS4期低海平面时期形成的河流沉积;中间的细粒沉积层又可划分为下部形成于MIS3期的以潟湖、潮坪和盐沼交替出现的海相沉积层,以及上部形成于MIS3期末到盛冰期出露水面之前的陆上沟谷充填沉积;台湾海峡南部在MIS3期之后发生了明显的构造沉降过程,但是在末次盛冰期海峡南部仍然出露水面之上形成了沉积间断面。本文研究内容为今后在台湾浅滩西北边缘到福建东南近岸区深入开展沉积学、地层学及古环境演化研究提供了新的参考。  相似文献   

12.
The sequence-stratigraphic investigation by Very High-Resolution (VHR) seismic profiles allowed recognition of the detailed architecture of the late Pleistocene and Holocene succession of the Venice area. In this way deposits previously known by the analyses of scattered cores, mainly taken along the lagoon margin and the littoral strips, have been correlated at regional scale including the near offshore sector and the result has pointed out the lateral variability of the stratal architecture. Late Pleistocene deposits consist of an aggrading floodplain and fluvial channel fills accumulated during decreasing eustatic sea level, and they are coeval with offlapping forced regressive marine wedges in the Central Adriatic basin. The Holocene sequence is composed of three main seismic units separated by major stratal surfaces. Unit 1 (up to 9 m thick) is formed by channelized deposits separated by areas showing sub-horizontal and hummocky reflectors, and is bounded at the base by a surface that records prolonged conditions of subaerial exposure and at the top by a flatter surface resulting from erosion by marine processes. Deposits of Unit 1 are interpreted as estuarine and distributary channel fills, and back-barrier strata. Unit 2 is well distinguishable from Unit 1 only in the offshore area and at the barrier island bounding the Venice Lagoon, and is composed of a prograding marine wedge (up to 10 m thick) that interacts laterally with ebb tidal deltas. Unit 3 consists of a tidal channel complex and inlet deposits, which testify the evolution of the lagoon area. Tidal channels are entrenched in the lagoon mud flat (coeval with Units 1–2) and cut the Pleistocene–Holocene boundary in several places.Following current sequence-stratigraphic concepts, the Holocene sequence is composed of a paralic transgressive systems tract (TST) (Unit 1) overlying a sequence boundary (the Pleistocene–Holocene boundary) and overlain by a marine highstand systems tract (HST) (Unit 2) in seaward locations and by highstand lagoonal deposits landwards. TST and HST are separated by a downlap surface that is amalgamated with a wave ravinement surface in several places. Unit 3 is coeval with the upper part of Unit 2, and its development has been favoured by human interventions, which led to a transgression limited to the lagoon area.Local factors during the deposition, i.e. subsidence, sediment supply, physiography, and current/wave regimes, led to a significant lateral variability in the architecture of the Holocene sequence, as evidenced by the extreme thickness variation of the TST along both depositional strike and dip. The HST, instead, shows less pronounced strike variations in the stratal architecture. Also, present data clearly evidence that the human impact has a great relevance in influencing the late Holocene sedimentation.  相似文献   

13.
Based on cone penetration tests with pore pressure measurements (CPTUs) and standard penetration tests (SPTs), the geotechnical properties of five lithostratigraphic units were determined during the construction of Incheon international airport on reclaimed macrotidal flats in Kyonggi Bay, Korea. Two late Pleistocene non-marine units (unit V and unit IV) display largest N values (cf. number of blows required to achieve a standard penetration), reflecting coarse-grained and overconsolidated sediments. Tidal channel and tidal flat facies (unit IIIb) consist of unweathered late Pleistocene tidal sand and mud. The tidal channel facies is characterized by upward-decreasing cone resistance (q t) and sleeve friction (f s) with negative pore pressures (u bt), reflecting a fining-upward textural trend. The tidal flat facies, by contrast, is represented by uniformly low q t and f s values with high friction ratios (FRs), suggesting homogeneous muddy deposits. Two overconsolidated units, a weathered late Pleistocene tidal mud (unit IIIa) and an early Holocene organic-rich non-marine mud (unit II), are characterized by high q t, f s, FRs and N values, unit IIIa being much more consolidated than unit II. Holocene tidal sands and muds (unit I) show the smallest q t and f s values with positive u bt. These are slightly more consolidated than the tidal flat facies of unit IIIb. Two unconformable boundaries (a sequence boundary and a transgressive surface) have also been identified on some CPTU and SPT profiles. The boundaries are indicated by gradual but sharp increases in q t, f s and N values with an abrupt drop of u bt, which indicates the contact between two units showing contrasting rigidity. The regional pattern produced by the unconformable boundaries indicates the presence of late Pleistocene valleys which pass through the middle of study area. The location of the valleys seems to be controlled by the antecedent basement morphology.  相似文献   

14.
Ría de Vigo is a river valley flooded by the sea, with a bay (San Simón Bay) at its innermost part. The accumulation of Holocene sediment in San Simón Bay has been studied by the integration of 1) large scale high resolution seismic data, and 2) detailed geochemical analysis of a gravity core. In San Simón Bay the majority of the seismic records are obscured by acoustic turbidity which represents gassy sediments, but on records from Rande Strait it is possible to distinguish two Quaternary seismic sequences; an Upper Pleistocene sequence (SQ1) and a Holocene sequence (SQ2). Only SQ2 is recognized in San Simón Bay where it is comprised of two seismic units; the upper unit represents the HST sediment, i.e. the period of highest sea level. A gravity core taken within the gassy zone at 10 m water depth provided 3.55 m of fine-grained sediments (muds) from the youngest seismic unit (4 m thick). Geochemical analysis show high values (4 to 10%) of TOC. Sediment and porewater analyses indicate a distinct sulphate–methane transition zone (SMTZ) between 60 and 80 cm where sulphate is depleted (to <1.7 mM) and methane increases (to >0.4 mM). The top of the acoustic turbidity (the gas front) at 80 cm corresponds to the lower limit of the SMTZ. The methane cannot have been derived from the underlying metamorphic and granitic rocks, but was probably derived by microbial degradation of the organic matter in the Holocene sediments. We estimate that the sediments of the Bay contain approximately 1.8 × 106 m3 of organic carbon and 275 ton of methane.  相似文献   

15.
花东盆地晚中新世以来沉积演化特征   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
利用近年来在台湾东部海域采集的多道地震和多波速测深资料,对该海域花东海盆区晚中新世以来的沉积充填演化特征进行描述和分析。通过对花东海盆区域地形特征描述、层序地层格架的建立和地震剖面的解译,在本区晚中新世以来的沉积充填中刻画出6种典型地震相类型,并分析其对应的沉积相类型,包括浊积扇、浊积水道充填、块体流、沉积物波、海底峡谷-伴生沉积物滑塌变形-充填、深水扇沉积。结合地震相平面分布及垂向沉积相叠置关系,将晚中新世-第四纪沉积充填演化划分为3个阶段:晚中新世晚期开始受到块体流冲蚀阶段,到海底峡谷冲刷-沉积物失稳-峡谷充填-再侵蚀阶段,到峡谷输送的大量沉积物在上新世以来主要堆积发育了沉积物波、浊积扇、深水扇等沉积体系阶段。  相似文献   

16.
通过分析伶仃洋东岸sz17QZ-20-3钻孔硅藻分布特征,结合测年、岩性和粒度,重建了该地区晚更新世以来的古环境演化。依据沉积物岩性粒度变化判断,晚更新世时期在23.6~11.0 m层段发育了一套河床相-溺古湾相-岸滩相-冲积相的垂向沉积序列,在花斑黏土层中有海水种Ethmodiscus rex碎片的存在,指示晚更新世海侵海退旋回。早全新世海侵在9000 cal.aBP左右到达研究区,海水种硅藻含量开始迅速增加,发育滨海平原相沉积;在8000 cal.aBP左右达到最高海平面,海水种硅藻含量最高;随后研究区处于海平面停滞状态,并缓慢下降,发育浅海相沉积;中晚全新世4.2~0 m层段为海退时期,发育河口湾相沉积。中全新世4.4~4.2 m层位海水种含量突然增加和4.4~4.6 m层位贝壳碎屑层指示可能有风暴潮事件发生;晚全新世0.3~0 m层段表层沉积物中硅藻丰度异常偏高,受人类活动影响较大。  相似文献   

17.
Since early Pliocene, a counterclockwise surface gyre transported Nile derived silt and clay northeastwards along the Levant coast, where a basinward prograding plastered drift emerged. Based on high-resolution seismic reflection data we develop a middle to late Pleistocene sequence stratigraphic scheme for this plastered drift. For creating stacked sections of the seismic data we used the common reflection surface (CRS) stack technology which enhanced lateral reflection continuity and visibility of deep reflections. The shelf comprises stratigraphic sequences which show classical, systems tract like stacking patterns of sea level controlled sequences such as offlapping forced regression deposits or diachronous ravinement surfaces which formed during base level rise. On the slope, base level was periodically located well below the wave base and thus rather controlled by hydrodynamics, presumably by high-velocity contour currents. Hence, the term ‘deep base level’ is introduced. The deep base level controlled especially down and backstepping slope deposits. This example shows that care has to be taken when interpreting subsurface data containing typical systems tract like seismic sequences, since such geometries do not necessarily imply shallow water deposition of the sediments. A chronostratigraphic analysis based on the seismic stratigraphy indicates that base level fluctuations were related to eccentricity driven glacio-eustatic fluctuations. Periodic mass wasting, facilitated by foreset over-steepening and possibly triggered by salt tectonics or erosion by the contour current occurred during late base level fall or early base level rise.  相似文献   

18.
晚更新世末期南黄海中部埋藏古三角洲的研究   总被引:6,自引:1,他引:5  
1992-1993年用浅地层剖面仪对南黄海中部浅地层进行测量在,70-80m左在的深水区发现了埋藏三角洲堆积体,结合实测海底地形图及岩芯沉积相资料对浅地层剖面进行了综合分析,结果表明,该区域是距今2.7万a左右的黄河河口三角洲,这说明,晚更新世末期黄河已经流入南黄海陆架区,水深70-80m附近曾经发育一期古海岸线。  相似文献   

19.
根据广东台山广海湾150km高分辨率地震资料,研究岬湾型海岸起伏多变的基底和上覆的第四纪沉积层序、沉积演化以及复杂的新构造作用。该区晚第四纪自下而上发育有5个层序:(1)滨海相杂色粘土,下部为河道充填;(2)河道冲积砂;(3)内大陆架粉砂质粘土;(4)滨海相潮坪沉积;(5)河口湾淤泥质沉积。研究区基底形态起伏较大,主要为黑云母花岗岩风化壳及少量变质岩。NNE和NEE向两组断裂系统最为发育,它们控制了盆地发展并经历了两期活动。  相似文献   

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