首页 | 官方网站   微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到10条相似文献,搜索用时 78 毫秒
1.
麻痹性贝类毒素(paralytic shellfish toxins,PSTs)是由某些甲藻产生的一种高毒性神经毒素,在海洋环境中分布广、危害大,可对水产养殖和人类健康造成重大危害;PSTs毒素的毒性大小随种类和结构的不同有较大差异。迄今,国内外学者针对PSTs的来源分布、迁移转化、生物合成及其影响因素等开展了大量的调查研究,但目前对于藻细胞产毒的生物合成途径、遗传学特征及其环境调控机理等研究仍处于起步阶段。PSTs的生物合成过程不仅与藻细胞自身生长阶段有关,还会受到光照、温度、营养盐等多种环境因素的影响,环境条件的改变会引起藻细胞毒素组成和含量发生不同程度的变化。近年来,研究人员应用基因组学和蛋白质组学技术,发现了产生PSTs的典型甲藻——亚历山大藻(Alexandrium)细胞内与PSTs毒素生物合成相关的某些基因或蛋白质,对我们更清晰地了解亚历山大藻产生PSTs毒素的机制具有重要意义。本文综合以往的研究报道,对亚历山大藻中PSTs的生物合成与转化及其主要影响因素进行了总结,以期为产毒有害藻华的防治提供科学依据。  相似文献   

2.
汇总并分析了20世纪80年代初以来东海陆扰海域重金属排海通量年变化规律及主要来源,应用多介质海洋环境中重金属迁移-转化模型,估算了东海陆扰海域重金属海洋环境容量。20世纪80年代初以来,东海陆扰海域铜、铅、锌、镉排海总量整体上呈不对称的倒"U"形变化趋势,基本符合"环境库兹涅茨曲线",20世纪90年代达到最大值,当前排海总量仍高于20世纪80年代初期的水平。东海陆扰海域铜、铅、锌、镉污染物主要来源于以河流为主的陆源排放,其中88.0%左右来源于河流排放,7.5%左右来源于排污口,只有4.5%左右来源于大气沉降。长江流域排海通量占东海陆扰海域排海总量的比例最大,平均为92.4%左右,钱塘江流域平均只有3.9%左右,闽江流域平均只有3.7%左右。东海陆扰海域铜、铅、锌、镉污染物海洋环境容量分别约为17.0,4.7,113.1,0.71 kt/a。当前铅、锌、镉污染物排海总量没有超过东海陆扰海域海洋环境容量,但铜的排海总量超过其海洋环境容量大约8%。  相似文献   

3.
Grande Riviere beach, on the island of Trinidad, supports the largest nesting population of leatherback turtles in the Caribbean region. Throughout the nesting season, nests are naturally disturbed by newly nesting females, resulting in egg breakage and loss of some nest viability. This environment is ideal for the growth and proliferation of microorganisms. The range of bacterial flora present in beach sand and egg shells was examined, with emphasis on bacteria that may pose a threat to public and animal health. The extent to which the bacterial load and genera on the beach changed throughout the season was also assessed. Twenty‐five genera were identified, with Pseudomonas spp. found to be the most predominant environmental bacteria. Four genera identified possess zoonotic potential, while five additional genera are known to be of public and animal health significance. Distinct shifts in the density and distribution of bacteria were observed along the beach from early to peak nesting season. Shifts were seen across heavily traversed zones, thus highlighting the potential exposure threats posed to beach visitors and animals alike. Further studies aimed at speciating this population of bacteria, as well as isolating potential fungal pathogens may mitigate this threat. Identification of bacterial agents that are specifically pathogenic to leatherback turtles, turtle eggs, hatchlings and those who may interact with these animals will serve to enhance and guide efforts to better conserve this species and protect the health of all who visit this ecologically significant site.  相似文献   

4.
The potential prognostic use of lysosomal reactions to environmental pollutants is explored in relation to predicting animal health in marine mussels, based on diagnostic biomarker data. Cellular lysosomes are already known to accumulate many metals and organic xenobiotics and the lysosomal accumulation of the carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon 3-methylcholanthrene (3-MC) is demonstrated here in the hepatopancreatic digestive cells and ovarian oocytes of the blue mussel. Lysosomal membrane integrity or stability appears to be a generic indicator of cellular well-being in eukaryotes; and in bivalve molluscs it is correlated with total oxygen and nitrogen radical scavenging capacity (TOSC), protein synthesis, scope for growth and larval viability; and inversely correlated with DNA damage (micronuclei), as well as lysosomal swelling (volume density), lipidosis and lipofuscinosis, which are all characteristic of failed or incomplete autophagy. Integration of multiple biomarker data is achieved using multivariate statistics and then mapped onto "health status space" by using lysosomal membrane stability as a measure of cellular well-being. This is viewed as a crucial step towards the derivation of explanatory frameworks for prediction of pollutant impact on animal health; and has facilitated the development of a conceptual mechanistic model linking lysosomal damage and autophagic dysfunction with injury to cells, tissues and the whole animal. This model has also complemented the creation and use of a cell-based bioenergetic computational model of molluscan hepatopancreatic cells that simulates lysosomal and cellular reactions to pollutants. More speculatively, the use of coupled empirical measurements of biomarker reactions and modelling is proposed as a practical approach to the development of an operational toolbox for predicting the health of the environment.  相似文献   

5.
人口老龄化与海洋环境污染成为影响海洋经济增长的重要因素。文章基于代际交替模型和柯布 道格拉斯生产函数构建数理模型,将健康人力资本纳入模型,系统分析了海洋环境规制强度影响海洋经济增长的机理。在此基础上,选取2007—2019年我国沿海11个省(自治区、直辖市)的面板数据进行实证分析,结果表明:市场激励型海洋环境规制强度对海洋经济增长的促进作用明显弱于命令控制型海洋环境规制强度;命令控制型海洋环境规制强度与海洋经济增长之间存在“倒U型”特征;海洋环境规制强度的提升对健康人力资本积累有正向作用,两者联动作用进一步促进了海洋经济增长。因此,政府应采取动态化的海洋环境规制强度策略,完善健康保障制度,发挥健康人力资本效应;完善海洋环境治理体系,激发海洋环境规制市场活力,以保持海洋经济增长和海洋环境双赢。  相似文献   

6.
为了定性定量提供大蚝养殖区环境健康状况咨询,使用联合评价法对钦州湾大蚝养殖育苗区、育肥区、育成区环境健康状况进行评价。结果表明:①钦州湾养殖育成区、育肥区、育苗区的综合评价值为0.62、0.75、1.03,对应环境健康状况分别为良好、良好、不合格。健康状况呈现出由东南外湾的育成区向西北内湾的育苗区方向递减趋势,各养殖海区环境健康状况优先次序为:育成区、育肥区、育苗区。②制约钦州湾养殖区环境健康状况既有共性制约因素石油类,其环境健康状况均为不合格;也有特性制约因子COD、活性磷酸盐。其中,育苗区内COD单因素评价指标值变化范围1.34~2.21,对应健康状况为差,海域大多位于海湾内、外湾交界处以及河海口交汇处,而处于外湾的育肥区、育成区则处于海湾开阔的海域受到COD影响则较小。育肥区内活性磷酸盐单因素评价指标值对应健康状况也存在不合格和差的情况。  相似文献   

7.
山东半岛近岸海域生态系统健康综合评价   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
为了构建基于多指标体系的生态系统健康评价方法,作者在调研了大量国内外文献的基础上,通过实证研究和量化分析,对山东半岛近岸海域生态系统健康的现状做出了较为客观的评价。在综合考虑影响海洋生态系统健康的各种因素的基础上,构建了山东半岛近岸海域生态系统健康评价指标体系,从陆源压力、水质状态和生物响应3个方面对山东半岛近岸海域生态系统健康和环境压力进行分析。结果显示:2006年山东半岛近岸海域生态健康状况基本呈现由外海到近岸逐渐变差的态势,其中生态健康状况较差的海域主要集中在莱州湾西南部、烟台北部海域、威海的沿岸海域以及山东半岛东南部海域。  相似文献   

8.
海岸带开发活动的环境效应评价方法和指标体系初探   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
海岸带具有丰富的资源,能为人类社会的可持续发展提供强大的物质基础,而海岸带的环境资源对外界人类活动的影响又十分敏感,因此海岸带自身的可持续发展理应受到人们的关注。根据“压力-状态-响应”(P-S-R)指标体系模型,探讨了海岸带开发活动的环境效应评价指标体系,并应用综合指数法对海岸带开发活动的环境效应进行了综合评价,为海岸带资源环境管理和可持续发展决策提供基础依据。  相似文献   

9.
Marine spatial planning (MSP) is becoming increasingly used in the sustainable management of marine and coastal ecosystems. However, limitations on time and resources often restrict the data available for MSP and limit public engagement and participation in the MSP process. While citizen science is being increasingly used to provide fine-scale environmental data across large terrestrial planning areas, there has been little uptake in MSP to date. This paper demonstrates how consistent citizen observations can be used to identify hotspots of good and poor environmental health across a MSP region, and where environmental health has improved or degraded in the past five years; information that is difficult to obtain by other means. The study demonstrates how citizen science provides valuable insight into environmental health across a MSP region, while fostering a supportive space for the public to contribute their own observations and participate in the planning process.  相似文献   

10.
中国北方沿海“褶牡蛎”的分类和订名   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0       下载免费PDF全文
中国牡蛎的种类繁多,多样性极为丰富,由于其形态变异大,已报道的中国牡蛎物种组成及分布争议甚大,中国北方沿海常见"褶牡蛎"的分类也一直存在很大的争议,这严重阻碍了其他相关研究的进行.作者系统综述了中国北方沿海"褶牡蛎"的分类历史和研究现状,并对中国北方沿海"褶牡蛎"进行了系统的分类研究,取得了最新研究成果.确立了中国北方沿海"褶牡蛎"的分类地位,改变其分类长期混乱的局面,这对于"褶牡蛎"的养殖和其他相关研究均具有重要的意义.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司    京ICP备09084417号-23

京公网安备 11010802026262号