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1.
大连地区冬季气温异常与前期印度洋海温的关系   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
利用近40a全球海温、500hPa高度场、300hPa纬向风场和海平面气压场月平均资料以及大连地区冬季的气温资料,分析了大连地区冬季气温异常的变化特征,探讨了大连地区冬季气温异常与前期印度洋海温异常的相互联系。结果发现:影响大连地区冬季气温的海温异常关键区位于5°S~5°N、60°~75°E,关键影响时段为当年的4~7月;长时间的海气相互作用使前期的海温异常影响了后期的大气环流,在关键海区冷、暖水年,海平面气压距平场、500hPa高度距平场、300hPa纬向风距平场都存在着显著的差异;其中西伯利亚高压、极涡的位置、东亚大槽的强弱、极锋急流都差异显著,从而导致大连地区冬季气温的异常。  相似文献   

2.
山东冬季气温年际变化及大气环流特征   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
于群  周发琇 《山东气象》2004,24(4):9-12
采用经验正交函数(EOF)方法分析山东省43年(1961—2003年)冬季气温变化,结果表明,第1模态几乎反映了整个温度场的时空变化特征,冬季气温年际变化明显,增温显著;采用NCEP/NCAR月平均大气环流再分析资料(1961—2003年),分析表明,冷、暖冬大气环流差异明显,冷冬年500hPa高度距平场呈北高南低的特征,西伯利亚高压加强,东亚大槽偏西加深,亚洲地区维持稳定的经向环流,利于冷空气南下,易造成冷冬;暖冬年呈相反特征。  相似文献   

3.
中国东北南部冬季气温异常及其大气环流特征变化   总被引:9,自引:3,他引:9       下载免费PDF全文
该文在对东北冬季气温异常的时空变化特征进行分析的基础之上,利用NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,探讨了影响其异常的同期因子——该地区上空大尺度环流异常特征。发现:东北冬季气温20世纪80年代中期以前处于冷期,60年代达到低谷,80年代中期以后一直处于暖期,90年代为49年来最暖期,1986年是由冷转暖的明显突变点;气温异常存在3~4年、8~9年的年际周期及16~18年的年代际周期;东北地区冬季气温异常与黄河以北地区一致性非常好,是49年全国增暖最显著的地区之一;冷、暖冬年,欧亚中高纬度大气环流异常存在显著的差异,西伯利亚高压、亚洲极涡、贝加尔湖高压脊、东亚大槽及极锋急流是影响其异常的同期重要因子。  相似文献   

4.
本文着重从气候变暖以来春防期高火险日数偏多年和偏少年北半球500hPa环流场背景分析,偏多年时距平场上正负中心形成以黑龙江省为中心自高纬向低纬呈"-,+"距平型,偏少年时距平场上正负中心形成以黑龙江省为中心自高纬向低纬呈"-,+"距平型.从前期北半球500hPa环流场异常形势演变,偏多年前期北半球500hPa距平场上极区为大范围正距平,极涡偏弱,鄂霍茨克海有阻塞高压存在,东亚大槽偏强,阿留申低压活跃,偏少年时前期极区为大范嗣负距平,极涡偏强,鄂霍茨克海没有明显的阻塞高压形势,东亚大槽偏弱,阿留申低压也不活跃.北半球500hPa环流场异常是造成春防期森林火险高火险日数多少重要原因,通过前期的环流背景对春防期高火险日数进行预测,进而做出春防期森林防火期趋势预测.  相似文献   

5.
北疆冬季降水异常的同期环流特征分析   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
使用NCEP/NCAR1979-1995年17年全球旬平均网格点资料及北疆8个站1979-1995年17年冬季(12-2月)降水资料,选取了3个降水偏多年,4个降水偏少年,分别计算了偏多、偏少年对应北半球范围内500、100hPa冬季平均高度场及距平场,分别计算出对应新疆范围内极锋锋区的强度和位置,指出北疆冬季降水偏多、偏少与欧亚中高纬环流特征有关,与新疆上空中纬度极锋锋区有关。  相似文献   

6.
贵州冷、暖冬年高空环流特征分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
用 1951~ 1998年北半球 50 0hPa月平均高度场格点资料 ,对冷冬年和暖冬年进行对比分析 ,发现冷暖冬年主要与西风带环流和西太平洋副热带高压强度以及亚洲极涡有密切关系。  相似文献   

7.
夏季东亚西风急流Rossby波扰动异常与中国降水   总被引:11,自引:9,他引:11  
杨莲梅  张庆云 《大气科学》2007,31(4):586-595
利用1958~2003年NCAR/NCEP再分析和中国160 站月降水资料,探讨沿东亚西风急流Rossby波扰动动能异常对东亚夏季风环流和中国夏季(6~8月)降水的影响及其响应机理。研究发现:(1)夏季东亚西风急流Rossby波扰动动能加强(减弱), 东亚西风急流位置偏南(北)、强度偏强(弱)。(2)该扰动动能具有显著的年际和年代际变化特征, 1958~1978年处于年代际偏弱阶段,1979~1998年处于年代际偏强阶段。(3)该扰动动能加强(减弱), 200 hPa 辐合区位于30?N以南(以北)西太平洋地区,此时,500 hPa 西太平洋副热带高压位于30?N以南(以北), 850 hPa 反气旋性距平环流出现在东亚30?N以南(以北)地区,而30?N以北(以南)为气旋性距平环流,东亚热带季风环流加强(减弱), 梅雨锋加强(减弱), 夏季中国东部降水中间多、南北少(中间少、南北多)。(4)东亚高、中、低层大气环流对高层东亚西风急流Rossby波扰动动能强弱响应由对流层上层散度场及垂直速度场变化完成。  相似文献   

8.
夏季西太平洋副热带高压异常时的东亚大气环流特征   总被引:28,自引:13,他引:28       下载免费PDF全文
张庆云  陶诗言 《大气科学》2003,27(3):369-380
利用NCAR/NCEP月平均再分析资料,探讨夏季西太平洋副热带高压异常时东亚热带季风、梅雨锋及中高纬环流的变化特征.研究表明:夏季西太平洋副热带高压脊线异常偏南或脊点异常偏西时,东亚夏季风环流偏弱,850 hPa矢量风距平场上东亚热带地区出现反气旋性环流,副热带地区呈气旋性环流,500 hPa垂直速度距平场上东亚热带地区上升运动减弱,梅雨锋区上升运动加强,500 hPa高度上东亚高纬鄂霍次克海区域出现阻塞高压,高纬冷空气直达中纬度,梅雨锋扰动加强,造成江淮流域汛期降水偏多.夏季西太平洋副热带高压脊线异常偏北或脊点异常偏东时,东亚夏季风环流偏强,东亚大气环流系统的活动出现了与上述情况相反的异常型,江淮流域汛期降水偏少.  相似文献   

9.
刘玉镇  任荣彩  何编 《大气科学》2012,36(6):1191-1206
基于与NCEP再分析资料的比较, 本文利用大气环流模式SAMIL和北京气候中心大气环流模式BCC_AGCM的1950~1999年的AMIP试验模拟数据, 对北半球冬季环流及平流层极涡振荡的模拟性能进行了评估分析。结果表明两个模式都可以再现北半球环流基本型以及环流振荡的主导模态。对冬季气候平均态的模拟, 两个模式模拟的热带—热带外温度梯度均偏大, 极夜急流偏强, 极涡偏冷偏强;100~20 hPa平均位势高度场谐波分析表明两个模式模 拟的行星波偏弱;气候平均的10 hPa极夜急流均存在1个月的季节漂移, 200 hPa副热带西风急流较NCEP偏弱。两个模式模拟的环流变化的主导模态均代表极涡振荡, SAMIL极涡振荡的强度大于BCC_AGCM, BCC_AGCM极涡振荡的频率要高于SAMIL。连续功率谱分析表明, NCEP资料中极涡振荡存在4.6个月的显著周期, 相应地, SAMIL中为5.5个月的显著周期, BCC_AGCM中为4.8个月。NCEP资料中的极涡振荡主要发生在12~3月, SAMIL模拟的极涡振荡主要发生在2~3月, BCC_AGCM模拟的极涡振荡主要发生在2~4月。  相似文献   

10.
孙力  安刚 《应用气象学报》2002,13(6):650-661
利用1951~2000年共50年的北半球500 hPa月平均高度距平场资料和奇异值分解技术(SVD),重点对东亚地区季节间大气环流异常的相互关系进行了初步探讨。结果表明,东亚地区季节间大气环流异常存在着较为密切的关联,并且这种明显的非同步联系具有时空相关显著的特点,尤其是夏季大气环流异常与其前冬和前春大气环流异常的联系更为密切。当前冬和前春北半球东亚大槽和北美大槽及蒙古高压偏强(或偏弱),极涡偏弱(或偏强),中高纬度盛行经向环流(或纬向环流),以及低纬和热带地区高度正距平(或负距平)明显时,则对应于夏季东亚地区西太平洋副高和鄂霍次克海阻高强度偏强(或偏弱),位置偏南(或偏北),贝加尔湖阻高强度也偏强(或偏弱),但位置偏西(或偏东)的大尺度环流形势出现。当春季北半球大气环流具有上述特点以及夏季鄂霍次克海阻高和西太平洋副高强度偏强(或偏弱),位置偏南(或偏北),且极涡较弱(较强)时,则东亚地区秋季大气环流对应于蒙古高压加强(或较弱),西太平洋副高减弱(或加强),并向南和向东移动(或移动较慢),极涡向南扩散(或扩散减弱),大气环流向冬季过渡加快(或减慢)。另外,大气环流异常还具有一定的持续性特征。  相似文献   

11.
冬春亚洲大气环流与华北中部夏季降水的相关分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
利用1957~2002年的NCEP/NCAR 500 hPa再分析资料以及同期华北地区夏季降水资料,分析了华北中部夏季降水与前期环流的关系。结果表明:夏季华北中部降水的多少与冬季东亚槽强弱、春季巴尔喀什湖到贝加尔湖的蒙古高原地区高度场呈显著相关。20世纪80年代中期以前冬季东亚槽偏强、春季蒙古高原地区高度值偏低;80年代中期之后冬季东亚槽开始转弱、春季蒙古高原地区高度值偏高。这与华北夏季降水的演变趋势相对应。说明冬季东亚槽的减弱以及春季蒙古高原地区高度值偏高是近年来华北夏季降水减少的原因之一。冬季东亚槽强对应夏季西太平洋副高在日本海地区高度呈偏强趋势,有利华北中部夏季降水偏多;春季蒙古高原地区高度值偏高有利于华北夏季出现西高东低形势,华北中部夏季降水易偏少。  相似文献   

12.
冬季北极涛动和华北冬季气温变化关系研究   总被引:33,自引:6,他引:33  
利用北极涛动指数(AOI)、NCEP/NCAR40a再分析资料中的海平面气压(SLP)、850、500、200hPa等压面高度场资料及中国160站月平均气温资料,运用小波分析,经验正交函数(EOF)分析等方法,分析了华北冬季气温和冬季北极涛动指数的变化特征及其关系。结果表明它们之间存在有着显著相关,特别是在年代际尺度上关系尤其密切。华北在20世纪70年代初以前为持续冷冬,80年代中期之后变为持续暖冬,其间相对正常,而冬季北极涛运指数亦存在类似的3个阶段,冬季北极涛动高(低)低数年,华北地区为暖(冷)冬年。其原因在于,北极涛动在于对流层低层和高层都可激发类似EU遥相关型的异常,通过影响西伯利亚高压和东亚大槽影响华北地区气温。强(弱)涛运年大气环流具有弱(强)东亚冬季风特征,西伯利亚高压减弱(增强),亚洲大陆地面东北风减弱(增强),高空东亚大槽减弱(增强)。  相似文献   

13.
1.IntroductionOvertheEastAsiaregion,themostprominentsurfacefeatureofthewintermonsoonisstrongnortheasterliesalongtheeastflankoftheSiberianhighandthecoastofEastAsia.At500hPathereisabroadtroughcenteredaboutatthelongitudesofJapan.Thedominantfea-tureat2O0hPaistheEastAsianjetwithitsmaximumlocatedatjustsoutheastofJapan.Thisktisassociatedwithintensebaroclinicity,largeverticalwindshearandstrongadvectionofcoldair(StaffmembersofAcademiaSinica,l957,LauandChang,1987;BoyleandChen,1987;Chenetal.,1991…  相似文献   

14.
Extreme drought event of 2009/2010 over southwestern China   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
The extreme drought of 2009/2010 over southwestern China is the driest event with the lowest percentage rainfall anomaly and the longest non-rain days during winter season (October–February) in the past 50?years, and also the severest one with the lowest percentage rainfall anomaly at the same period since 1880. The drought domain is characterized with anomalous warming and drying in the mid-lower troposphere as well as an evident anomalous subsidence. The favorable circulation anomalies for this drought are associated with the following two factors. One is the strongest negative-phase Arctic Oscillation during 2009/2010 winter that accompanies with a weakened Middle East Jet Stream (MEJS), the cyclonic anomaly over Arabian Sea (AS), the anticyclonic anomaly over Tibet and the cyclonic anomaly over Lake Baikal. The weakened MEJS, the AS cyclonic anomaly and the Tibet anticyclonic anomaly weaken the Southern Branch Trough (SBT) that directly decreases the moisture transport toward the southwestern China; the cyclonic anomaly over the Lake Baikal causes a deepened and westward shifted East Asian Major Trough (EAT) so that dry cold air behind the EAT easily invades down to southwestern China. The AS cyclonic anomaly favors the westward extension of Western Pacific Subtropical High (WPSH). The westward extension of WPSH is also associated with the second factor that is the El Nino Modoki event during 2009/2010 autumn–winter. The intensification and westward extension of WPSH enhance the local subsidence, weaken the SBT and exacerbate this drought.  相似文献   

15.
利用1979—2016年1月逐日0.125°×0.125° ERA-Interim再分析资料及冻雨观测资料,通过个例合成等方法,探讨了中国南方准静止锋和冬季大范围冻雨的关系。结果表明:(1)中国南方大范围冻雨受昆明和华南准静止锋共同影响呈东西带状分布;(2)青藏高原东侧逆温之强,范围之广以及水汽之充沛的主要原因,一是冷空气常堆积在横断山脉以东和南岭山脉以北等中国广大的南方地区,其形成机制主要为冷平流和绝热冷却,地势较高地带非绝热冷却也较明显;二是700和850 hPa暖平流形成的暖层也十分宽广;三是850 hPa源自中国南海和西太平洋的湿平流输送;(3)500 hPa东亚大槽、700 hPa南支槽、850 hPa反气旋和地面蒙古冷高压为青藏高原东侧对流层低层极地大陆性气团与热带海洋性气团和热带大陆性气团交绥创造了必要的环流条件;(4)东亚冷空气爆发从青藏高原东侧南下,迫使近地面暖湿气团抬升形成华南准静止锋。同时,受青藏高原东部地形的阻挡产生冷空气堆积。当冷空气堆积到一定厚度向西爬上低纬高原时,又与南支西风相遇形成昆明准静止锋。由昆明和华南准静止锋形成的复杂锋面结构,伴随宽广而强烈的逆温有利于中国南方大范围冻雨的产生。   相似文献   

16.
2011/2012年冬季中国气温异常的成因及前兆信号   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0       下载免费PDF全文
采用国家气候中心整理的全国160站月平均气温资料、NCEP/NCAR再分析资料及NOAA全球海温资料,在探讨1986年以来中国冬季气温异常机理基础上,对2011/2012年冬季气温异常特征及其前兆信号进行分析。结果表明:地面西伯利亚高压、东亚冬季风及500 hPa乌拉尔山与贝加尔湖南侧的异常环流等系统是影响中国冬季气温的主要中高纬环流系统,而中低纬环流系统主要包括西太平洋副高环流和印缅槽。前期热带印度洋和中东太平洋关键区海温异常与后期冬季气温关联的环流系统有密切的关系:前期夏季7、8月西印度洋海温偏高时,冬季西伯利亚高压将偏强,有利于冬季风偏强和中国冬季气温偏低;而当8—10月中东太平洋海温偏高时,西太平洋副高将偏强偏大偏西,北界位置偏北,印缅槽偏强,中国气温容易偏高,反之亦然。两者对后期环流的影响存在一定的独立性,中国冬季地面气温异常是它们共同作用的结果。  相似文献   

17.
 This study investigated the ocean-atmosphere interaction effect on the winter surface air temperature in Taiwan. Temperature fluctuations in Taiwan and marine East Asia correlated better with a SST dipole in the western North Pacific than the SST in the central/eastern equatorial Pacific. During the warm (cold) winters, a positive (negative) SST anomaly appears in marine East Asia and a negative (positive) SST anomaly appears in the Philippine Sea. The corresponding low-level atmospheric circulation is a cyclonic (anticyclonic) anomaly over the East Asian continent and an anticyclonic (cyclonic) circulation in the Philippine Sea during the warm (cold) winters. Based on the results of both numerical and empirical studies, it is proposed that a vigorous ocean-atmosphere interaction occurring in the western North Pacific modulates the strength of the East Asian winter monsoon and the winter temperature in marine East Asia. The mechanism is described as follows. The near-surface circulation anomalies, which are forced by the local SST anomaly, strengthen (weaken) the northeasterly trade winds in the Philippine Sea and weaken (strengthen) the northeasterly winter monsoon in East Asia during warm (cold) winters. The anomalous circulation causes the SST to fluctuate by modulating the heat flux at the ocean surface. The SST anomaly in turn enhances the anomalous circulation. Such an ocean-atmosphere interaction results in the rapid development of the anomalous circulation in the western North Pacific and the anomalous winter temperature in marine East Asia. This interaction is phase-locked with the seasonal cycle and occurs most efficiently in the boreal winters. Received: 22 October 1999 / Accepted: 5 June 2000  相似文献   

18.
This study examined the relationship between mature phase of the cold event in 1999 and the East Asian summer atmosphere circulation in 2000.The cold event reaches its mature phase in the autumn and winter of 1999,which is the strongest La Nina episode in recent 11 years.There is a clear anomalous pattern of the atmosphere circulation around East Asia in the summer of 2000, i.e.the negative anomaly centers around the Cherski Mountains and 20°N,170°E at 500 hPa,the main body of the subtropical high keeps in further northern position than usual and the negative anomaly of precipitation located in southern central China.This pattern is thought as the response to the preceding strong cold event in autumn of 1999.It is also identified that the response of the East Asian atmosphere circulation in summer of 2000 to the strong La Nina event in 1999 belongs to the top rank in recent 43 years.On the other hand,the inactive blocking anticyclone around East Asia in summer of 2000 is associated with the positive SST anomaly and the 850 hPa temperature anomaly around the Bering Sea simultaneously.Nevertheless,although the impact on the summer atmosphere circulation around East Asia from La Nina events could not rank with that from E1 Nino,the impact could not be neglected especially in a strong La Nina case.  相似文献   

19.
The study of the winter temperatures, averaged from the records of 11 observatories in the Da Hinggan Mountains and its western areas in China (DHM-WA), identified 11 extremely cold (≤???1.5 °C) and 13 extremely warm winters (≥?+?1.5 °C) during the past 60 years (1951–2010). The winters of 2011 and 2012 are another two extremely cold events. Aimed at exploring the climate causes, a comprehensive investigation is carried out on variations of some major atmospheric circulation components. Additionally, opposite circulation regimes are verified by examining the mean 500-hPa circulation patterns and sea level pressure (SLP) corresponding to 14 warm and 18 cold sea surface temperature (SST) phases over the North India Ocean (NIO) during the period of 1951–2010. Composite of an extremely cold winter usually includes a large and strong Siberian High, a deep East Asian trough to the west, an small and weak western Pacific Subtropical High to the east, a large North Polar vortex and a weakened westerly stream over Eurasia continent accompanied by a strong meridional winds from the polar region to lower latitude. Moreover, it has been found that a favorable circulation condition associated with the extremely cold winters to DHM-WA is mainly controlled by the SST over NIO in the previous warm season (June–September); This is primarily related to changes in the intensity of the Walker and Anti-Walker circulations, which subsequently influence the major circulation components and result in an extremely cold winter in DHM-WA.  相似文献   

20.
Using OLR and 850 hPa and 200 hPa wind fields data (1979 – 2006), this paper diagnoses the characteristics of convection over the tropical area in preceding autumns and winters in association with April precipitation anomalies in Shandong province. It is found that preceding convection anomalies over the Western Pacific Warm Pool in December have close relationships with the April precipitation in Shandong. Further analysis of the relationship with the general circulation over the East Asia shows that the convection anomaly over the Western Pacific Warm Pool has close relationships with the Main East Asian Trough, the Hadley cell over East Asia and the Walker cell. The characteristics of East Asian atmospheric circulation anomalies accompanied with stronger (weaker) convection are consistent with those of less (more) April precipitation anomalies in Shandong. Therefore, the convection anomaly over the tropics in December may be an important indicator for April precipitation in Shandong.  相似文献   

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