首页 | 官方网站   微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 113 毫秒
1.
北大西洋涛动位相转换的数值研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
李忠燕  罗德海 《大气科学》2012,36(2):374-384
借助一个非线性准地转正压模型,模拟了基本西风气流的强弱、不同空间分布的天气尺度扰动涡对北大西洋涛动(NAO)位相转换的作用,以及大尺度双波地形对其的影响.通过一系列的对比试验发现,适当弱的基本西风气流有利于下游系统西退使NAO由正(负)位相转换为负(正)位相;振幅强、活动范围大的天气尺度扰动波是NAO由负位相转换为正位...  相似文献   

2.
利用1979~2013年实时多要素MJO(Madden-Julian Oscillation)监测(RMM)指数,美国NOAA逐日长波辐射资料和NCEP/NCAR再分析资料等,分析了全球变化背景下北半球冬季MJO传播的年代际变化特征。从全球平均气温快速增暖期(1985~1997)到变暖趋缓期(2000~2012),MJO 2~4位相频次减少,5~7位相频次增多,即MJO对流活跃区在热带印度洋地区停留时间缩短、传播速度加快,而在热带西太平洋停留时间加长、传播明显减缓。进一步分析发现,以上MJO的年代际变化特征与全球变化年代际波动有关。当太平洋年代际涛动(PDO)处于负位相时,全球变暖趋缓,热带东印度洋—西太平洋海温异常偏暖,使其上空对流加强,垂直上升运动加强,对流层低层辐合,大气中的水汽含量增多,该区域的湿静力能(MSE)为正异常。当MJO对流活跃区位于热带印度洋地区时,MJO异常环流对季节平均MSE的输送在强对流中心东侧为正、西侧为负,有利于东侧MSE扰动增加,使得MJO对流扰动东移加快;而当MJO对流活跃区在热带西太平洋地区,MJO异常环流对平均MSE的输送形成东负西正的形势,东侧MSE扰动减小,不利于MJO快速东传。因此,全球变化背景下PDO引起的大气中水汽含量及MSE的变化可能是MJO传播年代际变化的重要原因。  相似文献   

3.
方宗义  覃丹宇  黄勇  李博 《大气科学》2014,38(4):719-726
基于经验正交函数(EOF)分解方法提取的1998~2008年梅雨活跃期共16次过程的梅雨锋云系主导模态,讨论了这些主导模态的发生频率、维持时间及相互转换特征。结果表明,在16个梅雨活跃期内,云系的第1主导模态正相位出现的频率最高,并且在4个活跃期内作为首次出现模态率先出现;第5模态正位相的出现频率最低,且该模态多数伴随其他模态一同出现,为过渡模态。统计发现,各主导模态的维持时间并不相同,其中第2模态负位相持续时间最长,为81 h;第5模态正位相的最大持续时间最短,仅为18 h;第6模态负位相的平均持续时间最长。对不同主导模态转换方向和频次的计算表明,各个位相的模态最多(最少)向9种(3种)(含正负位相)其他模态进行转换。除第6模态负位相和第5模态负位相向其他模态的转化具有较好的方向性外,其他模态间的相互转换多表现出随机性特征。其中,第6模态负位相在超过半数的情况下向第5模态负位相转换,而第5模态负位相则多向第3模态正位相和第1模态负位相进行转换。  相似文献   

4.
使用1961~2013年广西80个气象观测站的日降水资料和NOAA OLR、NCEP/NCAR风场、高度场再分析资料。结果表明:当MJO第10位相时广西降水偏多,第1位相时偏少,第2位相时偏多,第3位相时大部偏少的周期性分布特征。原因可能为副热带高压随着MJO向东移动而减弱东移,而且影响着中高纬度地区的波列分布和转播,当MJO对流位于第10、2位相时,形成的槽脊位置有利冷空气南下影响广西,使降水发生;在MJO对流所处位相向东移动过程中,当位于印度洋西部时孟加拉湾水汽输送到达广西最强,随着逐渐向东减弱,当位于第2位相以后,广西上空水汽输送来源转为南海地区。从不同位相来看,当MJO对流位相距离广西稍远时,MJO不同位相时哈德莱上升支的主要区别在上升气流高度略有不同和高空的强上升气流区分布范围不同。  相似文献   

5.
热带季节内振荡对广东6月降水的影响   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2       下载免费PDF全文
利用1979—2008年共30年广东省86个测站的地面观测逐日降水资料和NCEP-DOE第二套分析资料的大气多要素日平均资料,分析热带大气沿赤道东传的季节内振荡(MJO)对广东6月降水的影响及其物理过程。结果表明:6月MJO活动对广东降水的调制作用与前汛期(4—6月)期间其它月份不同,对6月广东省降水正(负)异常有指示意义的是强MJO事件的第3(第6)位相。当赤道MJO处于第3位相时,西太平洋副热带高压明显加强西伸,来源于西太平洋地区的水汽随副高边缘向广东输送明显加强,广东水汽通量明显增加,从而导致广东降水加强。而第6位相的情况基本相反。强MJO第3位相造成西太平洋副热带高压偏强偏西的物理机制与大气对东印度洋非对称热源的响应有关。2010年6月广东两次持续性强降水过程与MJO强度较强且处于第3位相这种活动状态密切相关,进一步证明赤道MJO活动对广东6月强降水的重要指示作用。该结果有助于拓展广东强降水的预报思路,结合动力模式产品将有助于延长预报时效。  相似文献   

6.
北半球冬季阻塞环流与NAO之间的关系   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
首先根据Oman关于北大西洋涛动(NAO)指数冬季平均值的年际变化挑选出强NAO年,然后利用NCEP/NCAR逐日再分析资料,分析了在强NAO年北半球冬季阻塞发生频率和生命期的统计特征,最后通过对强NAO年大气斜压性进行冬季气候平均,合成得到了三个区域(北大西洋、欧洲和北太平洋)对流层平均大气斜压性随纬度的分布情况。结果发现:北大西洋在NAO负位相时下游阻塞发生频率更高,持续时间更长;NAO正位相则有利于欧洲长生命阻塞的发生和维持;北太平洋阻塞在NAO负位相发生频率明显更高,在NAO正位相阻塞的平均持续时间更长。大气斜压性随纬度的分布与阻塞的发生有较好的对应关系,过强的大气斜压性会抑制阻塞的发生。  相似文献   

7.
利用澳大利亚气象局MJO(Madden-Julian Oscillation)指数(1979—2015年)资料、NCEP/NCAR全球再分析格点资料和中国气象局上海台风研究所台风资料,分析了MJO不同位相、强度与7—10月影响海南岛的热带气旋活动的关系。结果表明:7—10月影响海南岛的热带气旋活跃期和沉寂期与MJO的位相和强度有关,但7—8月和9—10月的热带气旋活跃期和沉寂期对应的MJO位相和强度有所不同。在7、8月,当MJO处于强的第3、6位相或弱的第4位相时有利于热带气旋影响海南岛,当MJO处于强的第1、2、8位相时则不利于热带气旋影响海南岛。在9、10月,当MJO处于7位相时有利于热带气旋影响海南岛,当MJO处于1位相时则不利于热带气旋影响海南岛。无论是7、8月还是9、10月,有利于热带气旋偏多和偏少的MJO位相对应的环流形势基本相反。  相似文献   

8.
分析了海洋性大陆地区季节内对流活动对北半球冬季中国东南地区降水的影响。根据这些对流活动是否具有东传特征,进一步将它们分为连续东传的MJO(Madden-Julian Oscillation)对流事件和准静止的非MJO对流事件。结果表明,这两类季节内对流活动对中国降水的影响存在明显差异。MJO对流对中国降水影响的空间范围较大,并且降水在MJO东传过程中呈现连续南传特征;非MJO对流的影响范围较小,并且其影响的关键区域随时间由北向南跳变。当对流在海洋性大陆地区处于活跃(抑制)位相时,MJO对流会导致中国东南地区降水呈现南正北负(南负北正)的偶极型分布,而非MJO对流仅仅会导致广东和福建一带降水偏少(偏多)。当对流在海洋性大陆地区由抑制(活跃)位相向活跃(抑制)位相转换时,MJO对流会引起中国东南大部分地区降水偏多(偏少),非MJO对流则引起江西北部、福建西北和浙江西部一带降水偏少(偏多)。水汽通量诊断结果表明,两类对流事件影响中国降水都主要受到季节内尺度风场异常的调控。具体来说,季节内尺度上低层经向风的差异,进而导致其经向梯度对水汽的输送存在明显差异,最终导致两类不同的季节内对流对中国东南...  相似文献   

9.
MJO研究新进展   总被引:10,自引:4,他引:6       下载免费PDF全文
李崇银  潘静  宋洁 《大气科学》2013,37(2):229-252
MJO与ENSO的关系、MJO的数值模拟(预报)以及MJO对天气气候的影响是近些年来国内外大气科学研究的重要前沿问题.本文将综合介绍国内有关MJO对天气气候的影响以及MJO的数值模拟(预报)方面的近期研究进展,因为过去已介绍过MJO与ENSO相互作用的研究结果.利用澳大利亚气象局的RMM-MJO指数研究MJO与西北太平洋台风活动的关系,结果表明大气MJO对西北太平洋台风的生成有比较明显的调制作用,在MJO的活跃期与非活跃期西北太平洋生成台风数的比例为2∶1;而在MJO活跃期,对流中心位于赤道东印度洋(即MJO第2、3位相)与对流中心在西太平洋地区(即MJO第5、6位相)时的比例也为2∶1.对大气环流的合成分析显示,在MJO的不同位相西太平洋地区的动力因子和热源分布形势有极其明显不同.在第2、3位相,各种因子均呈现出抑制西太平洋地区对流及台风发展的态势;而在第5、6位相则明显有促进对流发生发展,并为台风生成和发展创造了有利的大尺度环流动力场.对多台风年与少台风年850 hPa的30~60 d低频动能距平的合成分析表明,在多台风年最显著的是低频动能正异常位于菲律宾以东15°N以南的西北太平洋地区,表明那里有强MJO的活动;而少台风年的情况与多台风年相反,菲律宾以东的西北太平洋上与季风槽位置对应区域是低频动能的负距平区,那里MJO偏弱.即赤道西北太平洋上MJO活动的强(弱)年对应西北太平洋的台风偏多(偏少).对应MJO的不同活动位相,无论冬季、春季或夏季,中国东部的降水都将出现特殊的异常形势.在春季,MJO的第2、3位相有利我国东部长江中下游地区多雨、华南地区少雨;MJO的第4、5位相有利我国华南地区多雨而长江中下游地区少雨;在MJO的其它位相,我国东部地区都为降水负异常.在冬季,对应MJO的第1~3位相(特别是第2、3位相)中国华南降水偏多;而对应MJO的第6~8位相(特别是第6、7位相)中国华南降水偏少.在夏季,MJO位于印度洋时,MJO可以通过低层西风急流的波导效应影响到中国东南部地区,造成该地区降水偏多;当MJO位于西太平洋地区时,可以造成经向环流的上升支向北偏移,导致西北太平洋副高的东撤、以及中国东南部地区水汽输送减弱,降水减少.资料分析还表明,在年际变化尺度上,热带中、东印度洋MJO指数的持续异常对云南夏季降水有明显的影响.大气环流和数值模拟都表明,MJO活动不同位相的强对流会在东亚/西北太平洋地区激发产生不同形势的遥响应(Rossby波列),导致在中国不同地区出现有利(或不利)降水的环流形势和条件,是MJO活动影响中国降水的主要机制.用数值模式对MJO进行数值模拟(预报)是尚未很好解决的困难问题,原因也没有完全搞清楚.我们的一系列数值模拟清楚表明,MJO的模拟(预报)效果对模式所用对流参数化方案有很强的依赖关系;模式能否很好描写(再现)热带大气非绝热加热廓线,是极其关键的问题,只有当加热廓线在对流层中低层有最大加热时,模式才能得到同实际观测大体一致的MJO及其活动特征.这些数值模拟结果与我们过去从理论研究得到的结论相吻合,彼此得到应证.  相似文献   

10.
使用NCEP/NCAR再分析资料、GPCC(Global Precipitation Climatology Centre)降水资料和中国气象局台站降水资料,系统研究了冬季太平洋-北美型遥相关(Pacific-North America,PNA)和北大西洋涛动(North Atlantic Oscillation,NAO)在年际尺度上的不同配置及其与我国冬季降水的可能联系。结果表明,在年际尺度上,冬季PNA与NAO两种遥相关无显著相关关系,两者的相关系数只有-0. 13。PNA或NAO的正位相期间,我国华南沿海均出现了显著的降水正异常中心。根据两种遥相关的位相和强度,可将两者的配置划分为以下四种:PNA与NAO均为正位相(第一类配置),PNA为正位相但NAO为负位相(第二类配置),PNA与NAO均为负位相(第三类配置),PNA为负位相但NAO为正位相(第四类配置)。与单个PNA或NAO因子相比,PNA与NAO呈现不同极端位相配置类型时大气环流异常更强,但中国降水异常并不是单因子效应的简单叠加。GPCC和台站降水资料都表明,第一类配置时,黄河以南的降水表现为南涝北旱;第二类配置时,西南至华南西部偏旱,而长江出海口偏涝;第三类配置时,黄河以南整体偏旱;第四类配置时,东北东部、西南至华南西部偏涝,东南沿海偏旱。  相似文献   

11.
Abstract

Intervention experiments using the Coupled Forecast System model, version 2 (CFSv2), have been performed in which various Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) evolutions were added to the model’s internally generated heating: Slow Repeated Cycles, Slow Single Cycle, Fast Repeated Cycles, and Fast Single Cycle. In each experiment, one of these specified MJO evolutions of tropical diabatic heating was added in multiple ensemble reforecasts of boreal winter (1 November to 31 March for 31 winters: 1980–2010). Since in each experiment, multiple re-forecasts were made with the identical heating evolution added, predictable component analysis is used to identify modes with the highest signal-to-noise ratio. Traditional MJO-phase analysis of total model heating (dominated by internally generated heating) shows that the MJO-related heating structure compares well with heating estimated from observed fast and slow episodes; however, the model heating is larger by a factor of two. The evolution of Euro-Atlantic circulation regimes indicates a clear response due to the added heating, with a robust increase in the frequency of occurrence of the negative phase of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO?) after the heating crosses into the Pacific and a somewhat less robust increase in the positive phase of the NAO (NAO+) following Indian Ocean heating. In the Fast Cycle experiments, the model response is somewhat muted compared with the Slow Cycle experiments. The Scandinavian Blocking regime becomes more frequent prior to the NAO? regime. The two leading modes in the predictable component analysis of 300?hPa height (Z300), synoptic scale feedback (DZ300), and planetary wave diabatic heating in all experiments form an oscillatory pair with high statistical significance. The oscillatory pair represents the cyclic response to the particular MJO signal (Fast or Slow, Single, or Repeated Cycles) in each case. The period is about 64 days for the Slow Cycle and 36 days for the Fast Cycle, consistent with the imposed periods. The time series of one of the leading modes of Z300 is highly anti-correlated with the frequency of occurrence of the NAO– in the Repeated Cycle experiments. A clear cycle involving the Z300 and DZ300 leading modes is identified.  相似文献   

12.
In this study, the temporal structure of the variation of North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and its impact on regional climate variability are analyzed using various datasets. The results show that blocking formations in the Atlantic region are sensitive to the phase of the NAO. Sixty-seven percent more winter blocking days are observed during the negative phase compared to the positive phase of the NAO. The average length of blocking during the negative phase is about 11 days, which is nearly twice as long as the 6-day length observed during the positive phase of the NAO. The NAO-related differences in blocking frequency and persistence are associated with changes in the distribution of the surface air temperature anomaly, which, to a large extent, is determined by the phase of the NAO. The distribution of regional cloud amount is also sensitive to the phase of the NAO. For the negative phase, the cloud amounts are significant, positive anomalies in the convective zone in the Tropics and much less cloudiness in the mid latitudes. But for the positive phase of the NAO, the cloud amount is much higher in the mid-latitude storm track region. In the whole Atlantic region, the cloud amount shows a decrease with the increase of surface air temperature. These results suggest that there may be a negative feedback between the cloud amount and the surface air t.emperature in the Atlantic region.  相似文献   

13.
热带大气季节内振荡对华南前汛期降水的影响   总被引:10,自引:1,他引:9  
章丽娜  林鹏飞  熊喆 《大气科学》2011,35(3):560-570
本文基于实时的热带大气季节内振荡(MJO)指数和中国台站降水资料,研究了MJO对中国华南前汛期(4~6月)降水的影响.结果表明,随着MJO的活跃中心从印度洋进入西太平洋,华南地区的降水由偏多转为偏少.最显著的降水正负异常分别位于第4位相和第7位相,其区域平均的最大正负异常值相对于气候平均值的变化约为17%和11%.与降...  相似文献   

14.
北大西洋涛动指数变化与北半球冬季阻塞活动   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
柴晶品  刁一娜 《大气科学》2011,35(2):326-338
线性回归分析表明北大西洋涛动(NAO)主要与大西洋、欧洲及乌拉尔山地区阻塞的频率和强度的变化存在显著相关关系.在NAO负位相时期阻塞活动在大西洋地区较为频繁且强度较强,正位相时期大西洋地区阻塞活动减少,强度减弱,而欧洲阻塞加强,频率增加,同时乌拉尔山地区的阻塞活动也显著减少.NAO正指数的增强和减弱对应于大西洋和欧洲阻...  相似文献   

15.
In this study, using the ECMWF reanalysis data, the possible linkage between the Pacific-North American teleconnection pattern (PNA) and the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) during boreal winter (December– February) is investigated. The PNA and the NAO pattern are obtained by performing Rotated Empirical Orthogonal Function (REOF) analysis on an anomalous daily mean 300-hPa geopotential height field. The composite daily NAO indices show that the NAO indices are prone to be negative (positive) when the conte...  相似文献   

16.
In this study, the association between wintertime temperature anomalies over Northwest China and the weather regime transitions in North Atlantic on synoptic scale is analyzed by using observational surface air temperature(SAT) data and atmospheric reanalysis data. Daily SAT anomaly and duration time are used in order to define SAT anomaly cases. Differences with regard to the circulation anomalies over the Ural Mountains and the upstream North Atlantic area are evident. It is found that the colder than normal SAT is caused by the enhanced Ural high and associated southward flow over Northwest China. Time-lagged composites reveal possible connections between the SAT anomalies and the different development phases of the North Atlantic Oscillation(NAO). The Ural highs tend to be strengthened during the negative phase of NAO(NAO–) to Atlantic ridge transition, which are closely related to the downstream-propagating Rossby wave activity. The opposite circulation patterns are observed in the warm SAT cases. A cyclonic circulation anomaly is distinctly enhanced over the Urals during the positive phase of NAO(NAO+) to Scandinavian blocking transition, which would cause warmer SAT over Northwest China. Further analyses suggest that the intensified zonal wind over North Atlantic would favor the NAO– to Atlantic ridge transition, while the weakened zonal wind may be responsible for the transition between NAO+ and Scandinavian blocking.  相似文献   

17.
Yao Yao  Dehai Luo 《大气科学进展》2015,32(8):1106-1118
Using a two-dimensional blocking index, the cause and effect relationship between European blocking (EB) events and North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) events is investigated. It is shown that the EB event frequency is enhanced over Northern (Southern) Europe for negative (positive) phases of the NAO. Enhanced EB events over Northern Europe precede the establishment of negative phase NAO (NAO-) events, while the enhanced frequency of EB events over Southern Europe lags positive phase NAO (NAO+) events. The physical explanation for why enhanced EB events over Northern (Southern) Europe lead (lag) NAO- (NAO+) events is also provided. It is found that the lead-lag relationship between EB events in different regions and the phase of NAO events can be explained in terms of the different latitudinal distribution of zonal wind associated with the different phases of NAO events. For NAO+ events, the self-maintained eastward displacement of intensified midlatitude positive height anomalies owing to the intensified zonal wind can enhance the frequency of EB events over Southern Europe, thus supporting a standpoint that EB events over Southern Europe lag NAO+ events. Over Northern Europe, EB events lead NAO- events because NAO- events arise from the self-maintained westward migration of intensified blocking anticyclones due to the weakened zonal wind in higher latitudes.  相似文献   

18.
Utilizing three different sets of reanalysis data, this study examines the long- and short-lived observed positive North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) events (referred to as NAO+_LE and NAO+_SE) and long- and short-lived observed negative NAO events (referred to as NAO?_LE and NAO?_SE). Composite results indicate that the NAO-like circulation anomalies associated with the long-lived NAO events can reach the stratosphere, while they are primarily confined to the troposphere in the short-lived NAO events. Thus, the coupling/connection of stratospheric and tropospheric circulation anomalies is much better (worse) in the long-lived (short-lived) NAO events. A series of modified stratospheric initial-value experiments conducted with a simplified model indicate that a better (worse) connection between stratospheric and tropospheric circulation anomalies in the initial-value fields tend to gradually induce the NAO-like tropospheric circulation anomalies in the troposphere on the subsequent days, and thus naturally elongate (reduce) the lifetimes of the original NAO events by altering the tropospheric synoptic eddy vorticity flux over the North Atlantic region.  相似文献   

19.
The atmospheric low frequency variability at a regional or global scale is represented by teleconnection. Using monthly dataset of the Climatic Research Unit (CRU) for the period 1971–2016, the impacts of four large-scale teleconnection patterns on the climate variability over Southwest Asia are investigated. The large-scale features include the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and the East Atlantic (EA) teleconnection patterns, as well as western tropical Indian Ocean (WTIO) sea surface temperature anomaly index. Results indicate that ENSO and EA are the first leading modes that explain variation of Southwest Asian precipitation, with positive (negative) anomalies during El Niño (La Niña) and the negative (positive) phase of EA. Variation of Southwest Asian near-surface temperature is most strongly related to WTIO index, with above-average (below-average) temperature during the positive (negative) phase of WTIO index, although the negative (positive) phase of NAO also favours the above-average (below-average) temperature. On the other hand, temperature (precipitation) over Southwest Asia shows the least response to ENSO (WTIO). ENSO and EA individually explain 13 percent annual variance of precipitation, while WTIO index explains 36 percent annual variance of near-surface temperature over Southwest Asia. Analysis of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) reanalysis Interim (ERA-Interim) data indicated establishments of negative (positive) geopotential height anomalies in the middle troposphere over Southwest Asia during El Niño (La Niña) or the negative (positive) phase of NAO, EA and WTIO. The response of precipitation variability over Southwest Asia to NAO is opposite to that expected from the geopotential height anomalies, but the correlation between precipitation and NAO is not statistically significant. Due to predictability of large-scale teleconnections, results of this study are encouraging for improvement of the state-of-the-art seasonal prediction of the climate over Southwest Asia.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司    京ICP备09084417号-23

京公网安备 11010802026262号