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1.
GRACE卫星观测到的与汶川Ms8.0地震有关的重力变化   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0       下载免费PDF全文
利用GRACE卫星重力资料,计算了中国大陆及周边的卫星重力时变场和地表密度变化分布,获取了具有代表性的点位区域的每月重力变化时间序列.同时获得了WUSH、LHAS、KUNM、LUZH站相对于区域参考框架的GPS位移时间序列.卫星重力观测结果显示喜马拉雅弧形带的重力在2004年苏门答腊Mw9.3地震后快速下降, 2006~2008年尤为明显,西域地块西北边界带上震后重力下降也较为显著;而沿青藏高原北至东边界2007年出现明显的重力上升沿构造边界的弧形分布,且2008年南北地震带中南段重力上升变化显著.这些苏门答腊地震后的重力变化趋势到汶川地震发生后才开始改变.GPS位移结果显示四个台站均记录到苏门答腊大地震的同震信号,震后WUSH、LHAS、KUNM站水平位移向量出现明显的运动趋势改变,且一直持续到2008年汶川Ms8.0地震的发生.GRACE卫星揭示的青藏高原及周边地表质量的变化为解释汶川地震的动力机制提供了新的观测途径和资料.本文结合区域构造运动的特点和GPS位移,对GRACE观测的时变重力场特征及汶川地震的动力机制进行了初步解释和讨论.  相似文献   

2.
利用甘肃省区域台网提供的地震波形资料,计算甘肃南部地区2010年1月~2017年8月ML≥2.0地震的视应力,分析九寨沟地震前甘南地区视应力的时空演化特征,所得结果如下:①ML2.6~3.1、ML2.0~2.5震级段地震视应力的空间分布具有较好的一致性,九寨沟MS7.0地震前,距震中较近的川甘交界地区的舟曲、文县等地呈现出较为集中的视应力高值异常;②ML2.0~2.5、ML2.6~3.1地震的视应力在大区域范围内随时间的变化趋势有一定差异,ML2.6~3.1地震视应力变化更为明显,在较大区域范围内表现为震前显著升高,而ML2.0~2.5地震视应力则在震前一两年内开始下降;③随着区域划分范围向震中靠近,ML2.0~2.5、ML2.6~3.1地震视应力的变化逐渐趋于一致,至震中附近时,2个震级段视应力均表现为“震前几年长时间升高—临震前几个月下降”的同步变化。  相似文献   

3.
龚俊  汪贞杰  曾利萍 《中国地震》2020,36(4):945-952
高频GPS动态监测可快速准实时解算地表位移,其在地震参数快速确定、地壳形变短期变化过程、震源破裂过程和震级标度研究等方面成为传统地震学的补充。针对浙江省内的1Hz的GPS数据,本文采用GAMIT的TRACK模块,获得了日本2011年3月11日MW9.0地震的位移时间序列,并将其与浙江省地震台网并址观测的地震计获得的位移信号进行对比。结果显示,高频GPS与地震计获得的峰值地动位移之间差异在GPS的观测误差范围内。相对于原始波形,两者在0.005~0.1Hz频段上的水平方向相关系数提高了50%以上,高程方向相关系数提高了2倍以上。研究表明,高频GPS与宽频带地震计的观测结果在时序和频谱上有相互重合的区域,GPS和地震仪可以共同覆盖地震地表位移的全部可能范围。  相似文献   

4.
根据地球分层模型CRUST1.0和USGS发布的断层模型,考虑自重的影响,本文利用PSGRN/PSCMP模型计算了黏弹性分层介质中新西兰M_W7.8地震同震及震后位移和重力变化,结合GPS同震位移和模拟值,得到研究区域58个点位3个位移分量的均方根.结果表明:同震位移和重力变化在近场比较明显,远离断层的区域基本为零值;同震位移显示,新西兰M_W7.8地震震源机制在南部以逆冲为主,北部以右旋走滑为主;震后50年水平位移、垂直位移和重力的变化趋势与同震变化基本一致,水平位移在断层投影区以内减小,而在远场增加,垂直位移整体上呈现抬升趋势,重力变化幅度下降,反映了震后壳幔物质黏滞性调整;模拟值和GPS观测值在运动趋势和量级上具有较好的一致性,研究区域南北向位移、东西向位移和垂直位移的均方根分别为0.21 m、0.12 m和0.11 m,整体上模拟效果较好.  相似文献   

5.
利用新疆地区北疆测网2015~2017年观测的共4期流动重力资料,分析研究区半年、1年尺度重力变化特征,并采用小波分解方法,对2017年8月9日精河MS6.6地震前重力变化异常进行分解,分离了不同深度的重力异常。结果表明,震中附近的精河地区从2015年开始一直处于重力负值变化,同时,震中周围的重力正值变化集中区逐步向震中地区迁移,地震发生前震中以南60km处出现重力变化零值线,并且零值线两侧的重力累积变化量达到70μGal。小波分解后,4阶细节图较好地反映了精河地震前的重力异常,其与地震孕育发生有较好的对应性。  相似文献   

6.
2022年泸定M6.8地震为近期川滇地区显著强震。本文基于Okubo平面矩形弹性位错理论,采用已有的由地震波反演获得的同震破裂模型,模拟研究了泸定M6.8地震产生的地表同震重力变化、垂直位移和水平位移。结果表明:①同震重力变化图像具有以发震断层为界,呈正、负四象限对称分布特征,与震前(2019年9月—2020年9月)实测重力变化图像和发震断层左旋走滑特征具有一致性,说明其孕震过程可用闭锁剪力模型来解释; ②在远场区域,同震垂直位移图像与重力变化图像类似,位错引起的介质密度变化效应大于地表垂直位移效应,而近场地表垂直位移效应大于介质密度变化效应,显示出负相关性; ③同震水平位移图像具有对称的四象限特征,与GNSS实测结果显示的变形特性一致。该结果可为地震前后重力、形变观测结果的解释提供依据,同时为强震孕育的机理研究提供线索,尤其为闭锁剪力孕震模式的进一步完善提供了新的实例依据。  相似文献   

7.
2022年1月8日青海省海北州门源县发生MS6.9地震,震中距离2016年1月21日门源MS6.4地震震中约33km,两次门源地震均发生在冷龙岭断裂附近,但在震源机制、主发震断层破裂过程及地震序列余震活动等方面显著不同。针对两次门源地震序列的比较分析,对研究冷龙岭断裂及其附近区域强震序列和余震衰减特征等具有重要研究意义。通过对比分析2022年门源MS6.9地震和2016年门源MS6.4地震余震的时空演化特征,发现二者在震源过程和断层破裂尺度上存在明显差异,前者发震断层破裂充分,震后能量释放充分,余震丰富且震级偏高;而后者发震断层未破裂至地表,余震震级水平偏低。综合分析两次门源地震序列表现出来的差异性,认为其可能与地震发震断层的破裂过程密切相关,且同时受到区域构造环境的影响。  相似文献   

8.
2017年8月8日四川省九寨沟县发生MS7.0地震,成都地震基准台距此次地震震中约255km,震前该台地磁谐波振幅比出现趋势性异常。对成都台GM4磁通门磁力仪秒数据进行谐波振幅比计算,结果显示,谐波振幅比在九寨沟MS7.0地震前表现出下降—转折—恢复上升的异常变化形态,地震发生在异常恢复期,同时,异常表现出由长周期向短周期迁移、SN向与EW向变化不同步的特征,芦山MS7.0地震前成都台地磁谐波振幅比亦呈现了相似的异常变化特征。  相似文献   

9.
2017年精河MS6.6地震前地磁异常特征分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
2017年8月9精河发生MS6.6地震,距震中300km范围内的温泉台、克拉玛依台、乌鲁木齐台捕捉到此次地震前的地磁异常信息,本文对此进行了分析和总结,结论如下:①地磁谐波振幅比反应了观测点深部电阻率变化,2016年呼图壁MS6.2、此次精河MS6.6地震均发生在克拉玛依台地磁谐波振幅比异常下降之后的转折和恢复阶段;②震前83天、21天沿北天山断裂带分布的地磁台站逐日比和加卸载响应比均成组出现超限的高值,且异常高值的空间分布与震中位置有一定关联;③全国大陆地磁台站震前34天出现低点位移突变分界线,且异常集中于震中附近。  相似文献   

10.
利用相对功率谱方法对风云卫星热红外亮温数据进行处理,发现精河MS6.6地震前存在明显的前兆异常。异常时空演化特征为2017年7月12日在北天山地震带中、东部和阿尔泰地震带中部开始出现相对功率谱高值聚集现象,随后幅值和面积逐渐增大,持续至7月27日异常面积和幅度达到最大值,然后逐渐减弱,2017年8月14日后基本恢复正常,异常持续大约1个月,8月9日在异常区域边缘发生精河MS6.6地震。地震震中所在的北天山地震带平均相对功率谱值时序变化特征与异常区域时间演化过程类似,地震发生在平均相对功率谱由最大值恢复至正常背景值的过程中。  相似文献   

11.
顾国华  王武星 《地震》2011,31(3):1-8
中国地壳运动观测网络1000个观测站的GPS非连续观测区域网分别在1999年、2001年、2004年、2007年和2009年作了5次观测.2008年5月12日汶川8.0级地震震中(31.0°N,103.4°E)恰好在区域网GPS观测站密集的地区.区域网长期、多期GPS观测可降低年周期变化影响,有利于获取此次地震前后的垂...  相似文献   

12.
On March 11, 2011, a MW9.0 earthquake occurred in the Japan Trench, causing tremendous casualties, and attracting extensive concern. Based on the results of related research, this paper analyzes the observations, phenomena and understandings of the earthquake from varied aspects, and obtains four main conclusions. (1) The earthquake, occurring in the subduction zone in the Japan Trench located in the northwest boundary of the pacific plate has two zones of concentrated coseismic slip at different depths, and the slip in the deep zone is relatively small. Though there have been many M7.0 historical earthquakes, slips in the shallow zone are large, but there have been few historical strong earthquakes. (2) Constrained by GPS data, the study of fault movement shows that fault movement in the Japan Trench has a background of widely distributed stability and locking (the locking zone is equivalent that of coseismic rupture zone). Perturbation occurred after the 2008 M8.0 Hokkaido earthquake, several M7.0 events had after slips larger than the coseismic slip, and two obvious slow slip events were recorded in 2008 and 2011. Eventually, the March 9, 2011 M7.0 foreshock and the March 11, 2011 MW9.0 mainshock occurred. The pre-earthquake changing of the fault movement in the Japan Trench is quite clear. (3) Traditional precursory observation show no obvious anomaly, possibly due to monitoring reason. Anomaly before earthquake consists of high stress state in focal zone reflected by some seismic activity parameters, short period anomaly in regional ground motion, etc. (4) The analysis of physical property in focal zone aroused more scientific issues, for example, is there obvious difference between physical property in focal zone and its vicinity? Does frictional property of fault determine seismogenic ability and rupture process? Whether pre-earthquake fault movement include pre-slips? Could deep fluid affect fault movement in focal zone? Experience is the best teacher, and authors hope this paper could be a modest spur to induce others in basic research in earthquake forecast and prediction.  相似文献   

13.
赵国强  李鹏 《地震》2012,32(2):129-134
利用中国大陆GPS连续观测站资料,获取了2011年3月11日日本9.0级地震造成的连续站同震位移。计算结果表明,位于我国东部尤其是东北地区的台站在水平方向都有明显的同震位移,且离震中越近同震位移量越大,其中绥阳站的水平同震位移量最大,达到33mm。通过对时间序列分析发现,有明显同震位移的连续站,震前水平方向的运动速度都有放缓的趋势,可能是一种形变前兆现象。这些GPS观测到的同震位移及震前运动速度异常,对于进一步研究前兆地壳运动、地震动力学特征以及精化中国大陆地壳运动速度场都有重要意义。  相似文献   

14.
通过分析EGM2008模型提取的青藏高原及周边地区重力场细节信息,概述了尼泊尔MS 8.1地震的均衡重力异常特征,并结合GPS数据对研究区的动力学进行综合分析。结果表明,在喜马拉雅山脉地震带区存在重力的正、负值异常区及梯度带,这与该研究区局部应力应变积累、构造活动加剧、深部物质向研究区迁移以及研究区局部密度增高有关。  相似文献   

15.
本文利用较为完备的球体位错理论,结合4.5年的震后位移数据,优化了2011年日本MW9.0地震震源区岩石圈弹性层厚度与地幔黏滞性因子,更新了该强震断层余滑时空演化过程.首先,基于日本列岛215个均匀分布的GPS连续观测站震前2年与震后4.5年的观测数据,提取了2011年日本MW9.0地震引起的震后位移时空变化;接着,依据断层余滑衰减相对较快的特点,利用黏弹性球体位错理论对震后3~4.5年的GPS观测数据进行反复拟合,确定2011年日本MW9.0地震震源区地幔黏滞性系数和岩石圈弹性层厚度的最优解分别为6×1018 Pa·s和30 km;然后,从震后3年内GPS观测数据中剔除地幔黏滞性松弛效应,获取了断层余滑对应的震后位移场;最后,利用基于球体位错理论的反演算法,反演了2011年日本MW9.0地震断层余滑的时空演化过程.结果表明,2011年日本MW9.0地震引起的断层余滑在震后半年内变化显著,震后2年主震区域余滑基本停止,断层的两端存在一定的余滑效应,断层余滑的累计矩震级达到8.59;地震后4年,地幔黏滞性松弛效应对震后位移场的贡献在总体上超过断层余滑的贡献.  相似文献   

16.
The refinement of the accuracy and resolution of the monthly global gravity field models from the GRACE satellite mission, together with the accumulation of more than a decade-long series of these models, enabled us to reveal the processes that occur in the regions of large (Mw≥8) earthquakes that have not been studied previously. The previous research into the time variations of the gravity field in the regions of the giant earthquakes, such as the seismic catastrophes in Sumatra (2004) and Chile (2010), and the Tohoku mega earthquake in Japan (2011), covered the coseismic gravity jump followed by the long postseismic changes reaching almost the same amplitude. The coseismic gravity jumps resulting from the lower-magnitude events are almost unnoticeable. However, we have established a long steady growth of gravity anomalies after a number of such earthquakes. For instance, in the regions of the subduction earthquakes, the growth of the positive gravity anomaly above the oceanic trench was revealed after two events with magnitudes Mw=8.5 in the Sumatra region (the Nias earthquake of March 2005 and the Bengkulu event of September 2007 near the southern termination of Sumatra Island), after the earthquake with Mw=8.5 on Hokkaido in September 2007, a doublet Simushir earthquake with the magnitudes Mw = 8.3 and 8.1 in the Kuriles in November 2006 and January 2007, and after the earthquake off the Samoa Island in September 2009 (Mw=8.1). The steady changes in the gravity field have also been recorded after the earthquake in the Sichuan region (May 2008, Mw = 8.0) and after the doublet event with magnitudes 8.6 and 8.2, which occurred in the Wharton Basin of the Indian Ocean on April 11, 2012. The detailed analysis of the growth of the positive anomaly in gravity after the Simushir earthquake of November 2006 is presented. The growth started a few months after the event synchronously with the seismic activation on the downdip extension of the coseismically ruptured fault plane zone. The data demonstrating the increasing depth of the aftershocks since March 2007 and the approximately simultaneous change in the direction and average velocity of the horizontal surface displacements at the sites of the regional GPS network indicate that this earthquake induced postseismic displacements in a huge area extending to depths below 100 km. The total displacement since the beginning of the growth of the gravity anomaly up to July 2012 is estimated at 3.0 m in the upper part of the plate’s contact and 1.5 m in the lower part up to a depth of 100 km. With allowance for the size of the region captured by the deformations, the released total energy is equivalent to the earthquake with the magnitude Mw = 8.5. In our opinion, the growth of the gravity anomaly in these regions indicates a large-scale aseismic creep over the areas much more extensive than the source zone of the earthquake. These processes have not been previously revealed by the ground-based techniques. Hence, the time series of the GRACE gravity models are an important source of the new data about the locations and evolution of the locked segments of the subduction zones and their seismic potential.  相似文献   

17.
The relation between the gravity variation features and Ms=8.1 earthquake in Qinghai-Xizang monitoring area is analyzed preliminarily,by using spatial dynamic variation results of regional gravity field from absolute gravity and relative gravity observation in 1998 and 2000.The results show that:1)Ms\8.1 earthquake in Kulun mountain pass westem occurred in the gravity variation high gradient near gravity‘s high negative variation;2)The Main tectonic deformation and emnergy accumulation before MS=8.1 earthquake are distributed at south side of the epicenter;3)The range of gravity‘s high negative variation at east of the MS=8.1 earthquake epicenter relatively coincides with that rupture region according to field geology investigation;4)Gravity variation distribution in high negative value region is just consistent with the second shear strain‘s high value region of strain field obtained from GPS observation.  相似文献   

18.
Based on GPS velocity during 1999-2007, GPS baseline time series on large scale during 1999-2008 and cross-fault leveling data during 1985-2008, the paper makes some analysis and discussion to study and summarize the movement, tectonic deformation and strain accumulation evolution characteristics of the Longmenshan fault and the surrounding area before the MS8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, as well as the possible physical mechanism late in the seismic cycle of the Wenchuan earthquake. Multiple results indicate that:GPS velocity profiles show that obvious continuous deformation across the eastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau before the earthquake was distributed across a zone at least 500km wide, while there was little deformation in Sichuan Basin and Longmenshan fault zone, which means that the eastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau provides energy accumulation for locked Longmenshan fault zone continuously. GPS strain rates show that the east-west compression deformation was larger in the northwest of the mid-northern segment of the Longmenshan fault zone, and deformation amplitude decreased gradually from far field to near fault zone, and there was little deformation in fault zone. The east-west compression deformation was significant surrounding the southwestern segment of the Longmenshan fault zone, and strain accumulation rate was larger than that of mid-northern segment. Fault locking indicates nearly whole Longmenshan fault was locked before the earthquake except the source of the earthquake which was weakly locked, and a 20km width patch in southwestern segment between 12km to 22.5km depth was in creeping state. GPS baseline time series in northeast direction on large scale became compressive generally from 2005 in the North-South Seismic Belt, which reflects that relative compression deformation enhances. The cross-fault leveling data show that annual vertical change rate and deformation trend accumulation rate in the Longmenshan fault zone were little, which indicates that vertical activity near the fault was very weak and the fault was tightly locked. According to analyses of GPS and cross-fault leveling data before the Wenchuan earthquake, we consider that the Longmenshan fault is tightly locked from the surface to the deep, and the horizontal and vertical deformation are weak surrounding the fault in relatively small-scale crustal deformation. The process of weak deformation may be slow, and weak deformation area may be larger when large earthquake is coming. Continuous and slow compression deformation across eastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau before the earthquake provides dynamic support for strain accumulation in the Longmenshan fault zone in relative large-scale crustal deformation.  相似文献   

19.
2001年以来,智利及其邻区发生了3次7.1—7.7级和4次8级以上大地震,其震中附近至少有一个甚至多个GPS连续观测站观测到地震前后的地壳运动。从http://geodesy.unr.edu网站可获得GeoffreyBlewitt教授用GIPSY软件处理得到的南美大量GPS连续观测站南美板块(SA)区域参考框架位移时间序列,获得的这些大地震同震、震前位移积累和震后位移,特别是同震水平位移和震前水平位移积累,为探索地震预测,增添了更多有意义的震例。研究表明,这些大地震的同震水平位移也是震前水平位移积累的回跳或弹性回跳,同样也证明了震前存在前兆地壳形变;这些大地震前震中及其附近也无明显的垂直位移积累,由此证明了板块运动或地壳水平运动就是地震成因。尽管东日本和智利近海大地震的构造环境不同,日本2011年9级和智利2010年8.8级巨大地震前的地壳运动都清楚显示太平洋海底扩张。这些地震的同震水平位移回跳或弹性回跳的规律一致,地震成因都是水平挤压。智利多次大地震GPS观测到的最特殊现象是,在2015年8.3级地震震中以北,2010年8.8级地震的同震水平位移量值偏小,且方向异常一致向北,可认为是8.3级地震的前兆形变现象。临近智利的南美地区应是全球最利于地震预测探索的地区之一。   相似文献   

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