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1.
太湖磷转化细菌与水体磷形态关系   总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4       下载免费PDF全文
冯胜  秦伯强  高光 《湖泊科学》2008,20(4):428-436
太湖水体中不同形态磷含量与磷转化细菌的关系研究结果显示:太湖水体中总磷和活性磷的含量分别为0.113mg,L和O.O11mg/L;无机磷和有机磷分解菌在底泥中达6.73x103cells/g,而在水体中仅为71cells/m1,且存在明显的时间和空间差异;根据菌落形态特征,分离筛选了3株有代表性的无机磷转化菌和7株占优势的有机磷分解菌.3tt无机磷转化菌经鉴定分别与巨大芽孢杆菌(Bacillus megaterium)、假单孢菌(Pseudomonas sp.)和类芽孢杆菌(Paenibacillus sp.)比较接近.而7株有机磷分解菌则分别与为苏云金芽孢杆菌(Bacillus thurigiensts)、短小芽孢杆菌(Bacillus pumilus)、芽孢杆菌(Bacillus SP.)、无芽孢杆菌(Bacterium sp.)、氧化微杆菌(Microbacterium oxydans)腊状芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cereus)、简单芽孢杆菌(Bacillus simples)接近;太湖水体中磷分解细菌主要归属于芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)和假单孢菌属(Pseudomonas),对细菌降解性能进行研究的结果显示:无机磷分解细菌对太湖水体活性磷的贡献显著大于有机磷分解细菌的贡献率.  相似文献   

2.
东太湖表层沉积物的磷饱和度初步研究   总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8       下载免费PDF全文
对东太湖一个横断面上8个样点、1个网围养鱼区样点,1个鱼塘样点的表层10cm沉积物含磷量进行了分层采样分析,并以表层沉积物和湖水组成系统,通过磷添加研究了沉积物的磷饱和度。  相似文献   

3.
We monitored seasonal changes of the abundance and composition of microorganisms in the fish-farm sediment in Kusuura Bay, Amakusa, Japan, using the quinone profiling technique, during bioremediation by introducing cultured colonies of polychaete, Capitella sp. I. In November 2004, approximately 9.2 million cultured worms were transferred to the fish-farm sediment, which increased rapidly, and reached 458.5 gWW/m(2) (528,000 indiv./m(2)) in March 2005. During this fast-increasing period of Capitella, the microbial quinone content of the surface sediment (0-2 cm) also increased markedly, and reached 237 micromol/m(2) in January 2005, although the water temperature decreased to the lowest levels in the year. Particularly, the mole fraction of ubiquinone-10 in total quinones in the sediment, indicating the presence of alpha subclass of Proteobacteria, increased by 9.3%. These facts suggest that the bacterial growth was enhanced markedly by the biological activities of worms in the sediment, and the bacteria played an important role in the decomposition of the organic matter in the sediment.  相似文献   

4.
Composts with five different ratios of agricultural wastes, viz. rice straw (RS), wheat straw (WS), potato plant (PP), and mustard stover (MS) were prepared with or without fish pond bottom sediment to investigate the compost maturity and their suitability for field application. The composting process was monitored through the changes in physico‐chemical parameters and germination index (GI) at every 7 days interval of the composting process. All the composts were dark brown and smelled like forest soil within 56 days of composting, which reflected its matured status. On the basis of the physico‐chemical parameters (bulk density: 0.84 g/cm3; pH 7.05; electrical conductivity: 3.52 mS/cm; cation exchange capacity:82.4 cmol/kg; total carbon:321.4 g/kg; total nitrogen: 16.9 g/kg; As: 6.8 mg/kg; Cd: 2.96 mg/kg; Cr: 29.6 mg/kg, Cu: 243.6 mg/kg; Hg: 0.019 mg/kg; Ni: 24.3 mg/kg; Pb: 62.1 mg/kg and Zn: 812 mg/kg) and GI (89–96%), it could be concluded that RS/WS/PP/MS, 1:1:2:1 v/v/v/v with fish pond sediment produced better compost in accordance with the Indian compost standard. Application of a combined randomized block design analysis revealed that there is a significant difference in the responses of the five composts, in relation to the time of composting. Hierarchical clustering algorithm was applied with a view to form homogeneous groups of five different composts on the basis of different physico‐chemical parameters. Therefore, the ratio of waste incorporation is an important decision for composting and addition of pond sediment can improve the quality of compost.  相似文献   

5.
Passive multilevel samplers (MLS) containing a solid matrix for microbial colonization were used as in situ microcosms in conjunction with a push-pull biostimulation experiment designed to promote biological U(VI) and Tc(VII) reduction. MLS were deployed at 24 elevations in the injection well and two downgradient wells to investigate the spatial variability in microbial community composition and growth prior to and following biostimulation. The microbial community was characterized by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (Q-PCR) quantification of bacteria, NO(3)(-)-reducing bacteria (nirS and nirK), delta-proteobacteria, Geobacter sp., and methanogens (mcrA). Pretest cell densities were low overall but varied substantially with significantly greater bacterial populations detected at circumneutral pH (t-test, alpha= 0.05), suggesting carbon substrate and low pH limitations of microbial activity. Although pretest cell densities were low, denitrifying bacteria were dominant members of the microbial community. Biostimulation with an ethanol-amended ground water resulted in concurrent NO(3)(-) and Tc(VII) reduction, followed by U(VI) reduction. Q-PCR analysis of MLS revealed significant (1 to 2 orders of magnitude, Mann-Whitney U-test, alpha= 0.05) increases in cell densities of bacteria, denitrifiers, delta-proteobacteria, Geobacter sp., and methanogens in response to biostimulation. Traditionally, characterization of sediment samples has been used to investigate the microbial community response to biostimulation; however, collection of sediment samples is expensive and not conducive to deep aquifers or temporal studies. The results presented demonstrate that push-pull tests with passive MLS provide an inexpensive approach to determine the effect of biostimulation on contaminant concentrations, geochemical conditions, and the microbial community composition and function.  相似文献   

6.
In this study, DNAs were extracted from sediment samples at depths of 5, 35, and 69 cm from eutrophic Guanting reservoir, China. 16S rDNAs were amplified by PCR and clone libraries were constructed. The depth-related distribution of bacterial community in the sediment was characterized by using amplified 16S rDNA restriction analysis (ARDRA) and sequencing of the dominant clones. The results indicated that species diversity in the sediment of Guanting reservoir was rather high with the Shannon-Wiener index about 5.8. Bacterial richness varied in different depths: the highest in the sample of 35 cm in depth; followed by the sample of 5 cm in depth; and the lowest bacterial richness in the sample of 69 cm. Dominant species from the three samples were different although there were some common clones. PhyIogenetic analysis showed that all of the dominant clones in the three layers were uncultured bacteria and distantly related to the previously reported species in beta or gamma subclass of proteobacteria, including bacterial groups that have the ability to degrade aromatic hydrocarbons, n-all:anes, chlorinated organic compounds, or to accumulate polyphosphate, etc. Changes of deptt-related bacterial community in the Guanting reservoir sediment might reflect the pollution history and the water quality of the reservoir. In addition, the cloned sequences from the Guanting reservoir sediment were all different from the presently reported ones, indicating that there were some particular bacteria in that environment.  相似文献   

7.
《Marine pollution bulletin》2017,114(1):192-200
To achieve a better contaminant removal efficiency in a low-temperature and high-salt environment, two novel strains of cold- and salt-tolerant ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB), i.e., Ochrobactrum sp. (HXN-1) and Aquamicrobium sp. (HXN-2), were isolated from the surface sediment of Liaohe Estuarine Wetland (LEW), China. The optimization of initial ammonia nitrogen concentration, pH, carbon–nitrogen ratio, and petroleum hydrocarbons (PHCs) to improve the ammonia-oxidation capacity of the two bacterial strains was studied. Both bacterial strains showed a high ammonia nitrogen removal rate of over 80% under a high salinity of 10‰. Even at a temperature as low as 15 °C, HXN-1 and HXN-2 could achieve an ammonia nitrogen removal rate of 53% and 62%, respectively. The cold- and salt-tolerant AOB in this study demonstrated a high potential for ammonia nitrogen removal from LEW.  相似文献   

8.
太湖沉积物理化性质及营养盐的时空变化   总被引:7,自引:3,他引:7       下载免费PDF全文
在不同季节,采集太湖梅梁湾和贡湖湾沉积物柱状样,研究沉积物Eh、pH、总氮、总磷以及有机质四季垂向剖面分布变化特征.研究结果表明,在表层下(0-3 cm),Eh随沉积物深度的增加迅速下降,很快进入还原状态.沉积物剖面上pH变化幅度不大,在6.4-7.8之间,冬季沉积物pH均有所降低.太湖沉积物中含有丰富的营养盐,总氮和总磷最高浓度分别为2.68和0.864 mg/g,其剖面分布特征表明,沉积物表层总氮和总磷含量远高于底层,其含量随深度增加而降低,但四季变化趋势不明显.沉积物中有机质含量在10 cm以上变化幅度较大,随着沉积物深度的增加,有机质含量明显减少,季节变化幅度不大.比较不同采样点发现,位于梅梁湾生态系统试验区内的S1位点沉积物氮磷内源负荷最大.  相似文献   

9.
鄱阳湖沉积物中磷的赋存形态及分布特征   总被引:11,自引:2,他引:9       下载免费PDF全文
向速林  周文斌 《湖泊科学》2010,22(5):649-654
利用分级提取法对鄱阳湖沉积物进行了磷形态的分级提取和测定,系统研究了沉积物中磷的赋存形态及分布特征.结果表明,鄱阳湖表层沉积物中磷的赋存形态主要包括铁磷(Fe-P)、钙磷(Ca-P)、铝磷(Al-P)、可溶性磷(DP)等无机磷(IP)及有机磷(OP),各形态磷的空间分布基本具有从河口地区监测点向湖区监测点方向升高的趋势,垂向分布上总磷及各形态磷含量随深度增加而降低.表层沉积物(0-2cm)中总磷含量为578.36-813.55mg/kg,主要由无机磷组成,无机磷中以Fe-P含量最高,最大值达350.24mg/kg,占总磷的40%以上,Ca-P、Al-P含量相当,约占总磷含量的20%左右,而以DP的含量最低,含量在5%以下.有机磷含量约占总磷含量的15%左右.另外,沉积物中TP含量与Fe-P、Al-P、Ca-P及OP均具有较好的相关性,且OP含量与Fe-P、Al-P也具有较好的正相关关系,而与Ca-P的相关性较弱.  相似文献   

10.
The effect of nutrient and surfactant addition on the biodegradation of phenanthrene was studied in a batch scale soil–slurry system using isolated Mycoplana sp. MVMB2strain. The study was conducted using an artificially phenanthrene spiked and as well as contaminated soil from petrochemical industrial site. Maximum phenanthrene degradation and subsequent high microbial growth were observed at optimum pH (pH 6) and C/N/P ratio (100:20:3). To investigate maximum substrate degradation potential of Mycoplana sp. MVMB2, very high concentrations of phenanthrene (50–200 mg/kg soil) were used. The organism was capable of degrading >60% for a concentration below 20 mg/kg soil and >40% for concentrations up to 200 mg/kg within 8 days. Further the influence of five different surfactants namely Span 80, Tween 20, Triton X‐100, cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, and sodium dodecyl sulfate were tested at their critical micelle concentration (CMC) levels for phenanthrene degradation in the soil. The addition of surfactant enhanced the biodegradation and a maximum of 84.49% was obtained for Triton X‐100. Complete phenanthrene degradation by Mycoplana sp. MVMB2 was observed at 3 CMC concentration of Triton X‐100. The optimized parameters obtained were used for the degradation of phenanthrene present in the contaminated soil and 98.6% biodegradation was obtained. Thus, the results obtained in the study suggested that biodegradation of phenanthrene by Mycoplana sp. MVMB2 appeared to be feasible to remediate phenanthrene rich contaminated sites.  相似文献   

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