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1.
目的探讨术前弥散张量成像(DTI)在听神经瘤手术面神经定位中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析2017年5月至2019年10月德阳市人民医院神经外科手术治疗的17例听神经瘤患者的临床资料。术前采用DTI重建追踪面神经的位置,以术中神经电生理监测结果作为金标准,计算DTI定位面神经的灵敏度、特异度、准确率及曲线下面积(AUC);采用Kappa一致性检验评价术前DTI重建面神经的结果与术中神经电生理监测面神经定位的一致性。结果17例患者术前行DTI重建均成功追踪面神经,术中采用神经电生理监测均成功定位面神经的实际位置,其中15例与术前DTI重建面神经的位置相符合,2例与DTI不相符合,包括1例术中神经电生理监测显示面神经位于肿瘤腹侧前上部,而术前DTI显示面神经位于肿瘤上级,1例术中神经电生理监测显示面神经位于肿瘤腹侧前下部,而术前DTI显示面神经位于肿瘤下级术前DTI定位面神经的灵敏度为83.3%,特异度为80.0%,准确率为76.5%,AUC=0.900(P=0.011),与术中神经电生理监测定位面神经具有一定的一致性(Kappa=0.734,P<0.01)。结论术前011对听神经瘤手术中面神经的定位具有较高的特异性,有助于术中保护面神经,从而减少面神经的损伤。  相似文献   

2.
目的 探究弥散张量成像(DTI)定位在听神经瘤切除术中的应用。方法 选取2017年1月—2020年1月在西安国际医学中心医院治疗的106例听神经瘤患者,收集患者临床资料。通过术前DTI定位与术中面神经电生理监测结果进行比较,分析两者检测结果的一致性。分析手术效果及术后患者面神经功能。结果 面神经均位于肿瘤腹侧,其中位于腹侧中央者最多(44例,占41.51%),其次是腹侧前上部者(25例,占23.58%)。术前DTI结果与术中神经电生理监测结果相符合者有100例(94.34%),不符合者有6例(5.66%),差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。患者术后面神经均实现解剖保留。术前面神经功能良好率为89.62%;术后2周、3个月、6个月以及1年,患者面神经功能良好率分别为74.53%、46.23%、53.77%及85.85%;患者术前与术后面神经功能分级比较,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 术前通过DTI定位面神经与肿瘤位置较准确,且手术效果较好、面神经保留率较高,术后面神经有一定损伤,6个月后开始恢复,术后面神经功能障碍发生概率降低。 [国际神经病学神经外科学杂志, 2023, 50(6): 29-33]  相似文献   

3.
目的评价3DSlicer软件进行弥散张量成像纤维束追踪在听神经瘤术中的应用价值,探索一种有效的辅助听神经瘤术中保护面神经功能的方法。方法随机选取2020年3月至2020年8月河北医科大学神经外科收治的听神经瘤患者43例按患者志愿分为观察组(21例)与对照组(22例),观察组患者术前完善FIESTA、DTI等影像学检查,并利用3DSlicer软件重建肿瘤与面神经纤维并预判肿瘤与面神经的位置关系,术中联合神经电生理检测辅助听神经瘤手术切除,并记录术中面神经的实际位置;对照组仅利用神经电生理检测辅助定位面神经走行来指导手术完成。计算术前重建面神经位置与术中实际情况的符合率;比较两组患者术后1 w面神经功能(House-Brackmann标准)与听力保留率的差异。结果利用3DSlicer软件弥散张量成像纤维束追踪技术为观察组21例听神经患者重建面神经成功20例,重建失败1例;20例患者中17例术前重建的面神经位置与其术中实际位置一致,符合率为85%;观察组患者术后1 w面神经功能明显优于对照组(P0.05),听力保留率也高于对照组(P0.05)。结论应用3DSlicer软件弥散张量成像纤维束追踪技术可有效辅助听神经瘤术中面神经的精准定位,有利于术中寻找与保护面神经,提高听神经瘤患者术后面神经的功能保留率和听力保留率。  相似文献   

4.
目的探讨面神经电生理监测下切除大型及巨大听神经瘤技术。方法回顾分析22例大型及巨大听神经瘤临床资料,在面神经电生理监测下行显微手术切除,术后随访面神经功能。结果肿瘤全切除15例,次全切除7例。面神经自发肌电图在面神经受牵拉、挤压、生理盐水冲洗等操作过程中产生显著放电,刺激肌电图对寻找和辨认面神经具有重要作用。面神经位于肿瘤腹下方7例,腹上方2例,腹侧中部13例。所有病例面神经均解剖保留。术后随访6~42个月,面神经功能(House-Brackmann分级),H-B分级Ⅰ级11例,Ⅱ级5例,Ⅲ级2例,Ⅳ级4例。结论面神经电生理监测辅助显微手术对术中解剖与功能保留面神经具有重要价值。  相似文献   

5.
目的从面神经功能保留角度探讨小型听神经瘤治疗方法的选择。方法回顾性分析直径1~3cm的听神经瘤43例,所有肿瘤均经MRI确诊,手术方法采用乙状窦后入路,对患者进行术前、术后面神经功能测定。结果小型听神经瘤经乙状窦后入路手术切除后,术后2W内面神经功能Ⅰ~Ⅲ级占77%,长期随访面神经功能Ⅰ~Ⅲ级占87%。结论采用乙状窦后入路切除小型听神经瘤对面神经的功能保留率较高,但是保留率不如立体定向放射外科,且手术并发症相对较高。  相似文献   

6.
目的探讨混合现实技术在听神经瘤手术中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析2021年1月至2022年2月于河北医科大学第二医院神经外科行手术治疗的25例听神经瘤患者的临床资料。患者术前均行颞骨CT、循环相位稳态采集快速成像和弥散张量成像等检查, 利用3D-Slicer软件建立三维模型, 并经混合现实技术呈现三维模型影像, 预测肿瘤与面听神经的位置关系, 从而制定个体化的手术方案。以术中神经电生理监测结果作为金标准, 采用Kappa一致性检验评价术前重建面神经的走行与术中神经电生理监测定位的一致性。25例患者均经乙状窦后入路手术。术前及术后1周采用House-Brackmann分级评估患者的面神经功能。结果 25例患者术前均成功重建听神经瘤三维模型, 肿瘤重建后的中位体积为6.18 cm3 (0.73~16.86 cm3)。其中23例(92.0%)成功重建面神经, 余2例重建失败。开颅时关键孔定位的满意率为96.0%(24/25), 无静脉窦损伤的患者。术前成功重建面神经的23例患者中, 20例与术中神经电生理监测定位的面神经完全一致, 准确率为86.9%;Kappa一致性检验显示, 术前重建面神经...  相似文献   

7.
目的 探讨大型听神经瘤术中面神经与听神经瘤的相对解剖位置及规律.方法 通过同顾性分析133例大型听神经瘤的手术录像,分析面神经在听神经瘤的中的分布变化规律.结果 面神经在脑干端和内听道基底部的位置相对固定,在可识别面神经的病例中,在内听道口前上部有35例(26%),前下部的89例(67%),后下部6例(5%).在小脑脑桥角池中段位于肿瘤前上方11例(8%),前中部49例(37%),前下部63例(47%),后下部6例(5%).结论 掌握面神经在大型听神经瘤中的分布规律可以提高面神经的保护.  相似文献   

8.
目的探讨显微手术切除大型(肿瘤最大径3 cm)听神经瘤的疗效及术中面神经保护的方法。方法回顾性分析2014年1月至2018年2月手术治疗的86例大型听神经瘤的临床资料,均在电生理监测下采用枕下乙状窦后入路显微手术。结果肿瘤全切除83例,近全切除3例。面神经保留78例(91%);术后1周面神经功能House-Backmann分级:1级11例,2级37例,3级22例,4级16例。术后门诊随访3~30个月,术区皮下积液4例,口唇疱疹9例,无死亡病例。结论术前多模态肿瘤-神经评估,术中实时电生理监测,精细显微手术对大型听神经瘤全切和保留面神经功能可提供保障。  相似文献   

9.
大型听神经瘤手术中面神经监测的效果观察   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1  
目的了解大型听神经瘤手术中连续面肌肌电图监测对术中、术后面神经解剖和功能保留的作用。方法根据Gormley颅内肿瘤分型方法,100例听神经瘤患者中肿瘤直径为4.0~4.9cm者82例,5.0~5.9cm者16例,直径≥6.0cm者2例。手术前采用House等面神经功能分级标准进行评估,Ⅰ级65例,Ⅱ级33例,Ⅲ级2例。采用经乙状窦后入路显微外科手术切除肿瘤,术中施行面肌肌电图监测和直接电刺激。结果100例中肿瘤全切除或近全切除者94例,大部分切除6例。2例肿瘤切除过程中切断面神经者均行Ⅰ期端-端吻合;2例面神经被切断1/2者行断端吻合。手术后2周面神经功能评估Ⅰ级30例,Ⅱ级50例,Ⅲ级10例,Ⅴ级10例;手术后1年随访面神经功能Ⅰ级76例,Ⅱ级14例,Ⅲ级7例,Ⅴ级3例。结论大型听神经瘤手术中采用面神经监测对面神经的解剖和功能保留有明显效果。  相似文献   

10.
目的分析听神经瘤手术后面神经功能及神经保留情况。方法选取2007-02—2011-02在我院治疗的听神经瘤患者88例作为研究对象。观察手术疗效,对患者术后面神经功能采用HB分级标准评价,采用线性趋势分析听神经瘤大小与面神经功能的关系。结果肿瘤全切除82例,死亡1例,术后面神经完整解剖保留84例。随访1a以上患者面神经功能优秀率82.3%,随访的48例患者中1级21例(42.7%),2级18例(39.6%)。线性趋势分析结果显示,肿瘤直径大小与面神经功能可能存在相关性。结论术后远期面神经功能保留的优良率较理想,面神经功能保留与肿瘤大小存在一定联系。  相似文献   

11.
Neuronal migration disorders are the result of disturbed brain development. In such disorders, neurons are abnormally located. In diagnosing these conditions, magnetic resonance imaging is superior to any other imaging technique. This enables us to improve our knowledge of the clinical correlates of neuronal migration. With reference to migrational disorder, a retrospective study of all 303 patients with epileptic seizures referred for magnetic resonance imaging during a 3-year period was performed, 13 patients (aged 12-41, mean age 27) were identified. They represent 4.3% of the entire study group. Of the patients with known epilepsy, 6.7% and of the mentally retarded, 13.7% had migrational disorders. Four patients had schizencephaly as the dominant finding, one was classified as hemimegalencephaly, 2 had isolated heterotopias, and 6 had localized pachy- and/or poly-microgyria. The clinical pictures are complex. Ectopias of grey matter are recognised foci of epilepsy, but from an epileptological and a clinical viewpoint little attention has been given to these disorders. The present study shows that malmigration is not rare in epilepsy patients, especially not in the mentally retarded.  相似文献   

12.
Diagnostic Difficulties and Treatment Implications   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Robert J. Gumnit 《Epilepsia》1987,28(S3):S9-S13
Summary: Differentiation between types of epileptic seizures has been aided in recent years by the introduction of intensive neurodiagnostic techniques and the development of increasingly detailed classification systems. Paradoxically, these developments have not simplified the task of matching the appropriate antiepileptic drug to a particular seizure type. It is reasonable to assume that anticonvulsant drugs will have different effects on different types of seizures, but faulty, circular reasoning can enter the picture if one also assumes that responses of seizures to different drugs signify different seizure types. There are several examples of differential diagnoses that can fall prey to this problem, including the diagnosis between partial seizures with secondary generalization and generalized tonic-clonic seizures, and the diagnosis between complex partial seizures and absence seizures with automatisms, among others. Considerations of etiology in future classification systems can further complicate the problem: should one then choose an anticonvulsant drug on the basis of individual seizure type or on the basis of the type of epilepsy? Ramifications of this issue extend even to the drug approval process. Official sanction is not given for use of a drug for a seizure type not included in the original efficacy studies, even if later scientific evidence shows that seizure type to be related to a type that is included. New trials must be undertaken. These problems arise from how we choose to classify seizures.  相似文献   

13.
Cognitive Dysfunction Associated with Antiepileptic Drug Therapy   总被引:7,自引:5,他引:2  
Eileen P.G. Vining 《Epilepsia》1987,28(S2):S18-S22
Summary: Epilepsy is frequently associated with cognitive dysfunction. However, the reasons for this correlation are unclear. Possible influential factors include patient age; duration, frequency, etiology, and type of seizures; hereditary factors; psychosocial issues; and antiepileptic drug (AED) therapy. Whereas many of these factors are beyond the physician's control, AED therapy is one element that can be addressed in treatment decisions by recognizing the potential cognitive effects of particular AEDs. For example, phenobarbital impairs memory and concentration; phenytoin affects attention, problem solving ability, and performance of visuomotor tasks. In contrast, carbamazepine may affect concentration, while valproate would appear to have minimal effects on cognition. Moreover, cognitive effects of AEDs are amplified with coadministration of multiple anticonvulsants (polytherapy). A review of studies on the cognitive effects of monotherapy with AEDs, as opposed to those of polytherapy, provides evidence that drug-related cognitive dysfunction can be reversed if patients are switched to a simpler therapeutic regimen. Future research should be directed toward developing reliable measures for assessing and monitoring cognition, and understanding the particular cognitive side effects of each AED. Physicians also need to revise their opinions about which side effects are "tolerable" for epileptic patients.  相似文献   

14.
B. J. Wilder 《Epilepsia》1987,28(S2):S1-S7
Summary: The long-standing practice of polypharmacy in treating epilepsy is giving way to use of monotherapy. Monotherapy can improve seizure control as well as reduce the risk of serious idiosyncratic reactions, dose-related side effects, and complex drug interactions. Monotherapy also offers improved compliance and cost-effectiveness. The basis of monotherapy is accurate diagnosis and assessment of the patient's seizure type(s), followed by selection of a single appropriate anticonvulsant drug. Many patients currently treated with multiple anticonvulsants can be successfully converted to monotherapy with a carefully monitored program in which troublesome and redundant drugs are gradually withdrawn from the therapeutic regimen.  相似文献   

15.
Summary: Carbamazepine and phenytoin are drugs of choice in initial monotherapy for adult partial and secondarily generalized tonic-clonic seizures. These designations reflect the results of the Veterans Administration Epilepsy Cooperative Study Group of 1985. An earlier comparative study of carbamazepine and phenytoin by Ramsay and associates found both drugs equally effective in controlling new-onset seizures. Among the advantages of carbamazepine is that it causes relatively few cognitive and dysmorphic side effects. Its disadvantages are its unavailability in parenteral formulation and its metabolic autoinduction. The latter must be compensated for by planned dosage increases to maintain therapeutic plasma steady-state levels during the first 2 or 3 months of treatment. Carbamazepine is judged a drug of choice in the treatment of these secondarily generalized tonic-clonic seizures, and the drug of choice in children, adolescents, and women susceptible to the dysmorphic side effects associated with other anticonvulsant agents.  相似文献   

16.
Hepatic Considerations in the Use of Antiepileptic Drugs   总被引:5,自引:4,他引:1  
Summary: Virtually all of the major antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) can cause hepatotoxicity, although fatal hepatic reactions are rare. The mechanisms, incidences, and risk profiles for such reactions differ from drug to drug. With carbamazepine and phenytoin, hepatotoxicity may be due to drug hypersensitivity. Although the profiles of patients at risk have not been well-defined for these two antiepileptic drugs, it would appear from reports in the literature that older adolescents and adults are at higher risk than children of developing serious or fatal hepatotoxicity. Once hepatotoxicity develops, mortality rates are 10–38% with phenytoin and 25% for carbamazepine. The risk profile for valproate fatal hepatotoxicity has been more clearly defined. Those at primary risk of fatal hepatic dysfunction are children under the age of 2 years who are receiving multiple anticonvulsants and also have significant medical problems in addition to severe epilepsy. The risk is considerably lower for patients over the age of 2 years on valproate monotherapy. In contrast to the risk profile with other AEDs, adults receiving valproate as monotherapy have the lowest risk of hepatotoxicity. Fatal hepatic dysfunction coincident with valproate may be the result of aberrant drug metabolism. Concomitant use of AEDs that induce microsomal P450 enzymes (e.g., phenytoin and phenobarbital) may enhance the production of a toxic metabolite, and hence the greater risk of hepatotoxicity with polypharmacy.  相似文献   

17.
Summary: Four broad categories of basic phenomena are pertinent to developing ways to prevent epilepsy. These include mechanisms of epileptogenesis, ictal initiation and temporary entrainment by the seizure discharge of normally functioning brain, seizure propagation, and control mechanisms that function both to restrain the cascade of epileptic events culminating in a seizure and to arrest the epileptic event and restore the interictal state. In newborns and children, hypoxia-ischemia is a major factor leading to epileptogenesis, and several schemes are proposed to classify, quantify, and prevent hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. Control mechanisms must be better understood in order to develop prophylactic recommendations for epilepsy, and an experimental model of "kindling antagonism" may increase our understanding of these. Programs of prevention of seizures in children will evolve only if basic researchers and clinicians work productively together to develop an adequate understanding of factors important in epileptogenesis and antiepileptogenic control mechanisms.  相似文献   

18.
Summary: Vascular malformations (VMs) are associated with epilepsy. The natural history of the various VMs, clinical presentation, and tendency to provoke epilepsy determine treatment strategies. Investigations have probed the mechanisms of epileptogenesis associated with these lesions. Electrophysiologic changes are associated with epileptogenic cortex adjacent to VMs. Putative pathophysiologic mechanisms of epileptogenesis include neuronal cell loss, glial proliferation and abnormal glial physiology, altered neurotransmitter levels, free radical formation, and aberrant second messenger physiology.  相似文献   

19.
Dextromethorphan: Cellular Effects Reducing Neuronal Hyperactivity   总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4  
G. Trube  R. Netzer 《Epilepsia》1994,35(S5):S62-S67
Summary: Dextromethorphan is a dextrorotary morphinan without affinity for opioid receptors, commonly used as an antitussive medication. During the past 5 years, interest in the compound and its demethylated derivative, dextrorphan, has been revived because additional neuroprotective and an-tiepileptic properties were found in in vitro studies, animal experiments, and a few clinical cases. Both morphinans are able to inhibit N -methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor channels and voltage-operated calcium and sodium channels with different potencies. The inhibition of the NMDA receptor is believed to be the predominant mechanism of action responsible for the anticonvulsant and neuroprotective properties of the compounds.  相似文献   

20.
Transcranial Electrical Stimulation (tES) encompasses all methods of non-invasive current application to the brain used in research and clinical practice. We present the first comprehensive and technical review, explaining the evolution of tES in both terminology and dosage over the past 100 years of research to present day. Current transcranial Pulsed Current Stimulation (tPCS) approaches such as Cranial Electrotherapy Stimulation (CES) descended from Electrosleep (ES) through Cranial Electro-stimulation Therapy (CET), Transcerebral Electrotherapy (TCET), and NeuroElectric Therapy (NET) while others like Transcutaneous Cranial Electrical Stimulation (TCES) descended from Electroanesthesia (EA) through Limoge, and Interferential Stimulation. Prior to a contemporary resurgence in interest, variations of transcranial Direct Current Stimulation were explored intermittently, including Polarizing current, Galvanic Vestibular Stimulation (GVS), and Transcranial Micropolarization. The development of these approaches alongside Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) and pharmacological developments are considered. Both the roots and unique features of contemporary approaches such as transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation (tACS) and transcranial Random Noise Stimulation (tRNS) are discussed. Trends and incremental developments in electrode montage and waveform spanning decades are presented leading to the present day. Commercial devices, seminal conferences, and regulatory decisions are noted. We conclude with six rules on how increasing medical and technological sophistication may now be leveraged for broader success and adoption of tES.  相似文献   

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