共查询到10条相似文献，搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
Videbech P Ravnkilde B Fiirgaard B Clemmensen K Egander A Rasmussen NA Christensen T Sangill R Rosenberg R 《Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica》2001,103(4):282-286
OBJECTIVE: Several studies have indicated an increased frequency of cerebral atrophy and white matter lesions in patients with major depression, especially in older age groups. METHOD: Forty-four representative in-patients with major depression in which neurological disorders were clinically excluded, and 49 age- and gender-matched controls were MR scanned. RESULTS: Unexpectedly, two of the patients had severe brain pathology which could account for their psychiatric symptoms. Analysis of the remaining patients (mean age 42 years) did not reveal an increased frequency of cerebral atrophy. The number of white matter lesions increased with age to an odds ratio greater than 3 for patients aged 50, but this was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Brain atrophy and white matter lesions did not occur with significantly increased frequency in these relatively young unselected depressives, but the finding of severe brain pathology stresses the importance of brain imaging in late-onset psychiatric disorders. 相似文献
2.
Ahdidan J Hviid LB Chakravarty MM Ravnkilde B Rosenberg R Rodell A Stødkilde-Jørgensen H Videbech P 《Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica》2011,123(3):211-219
Ahdidan J, Hviid LB, Chakravarty MM, Ravnkilde B, Rosenberg R, Rodell A, Stødkilde‐Jørgensen H, Videbech P. Longitudinal MR study of brain structure and hippocampus volume in major depressive disorder. Objective: To determine whether long‐term course of treated major depression has an effect on the structure of the brain and the hippocampal volume. Method: An 11‐year follow‐up procedure was used with data collection at baseline and again at follow‐up. Tensor‐based morphometry (TBM) and automatic hippocampal volume measure was performed on different datasets. The baseline dataset consisted of T1‐weighted magnetic resonance images (MRIs) of 24 in‐patients suffering from major depression and 33 healthy controls. The second dataset consisted of T1‐weighted MRIs of 31 remitted depressive patients and 36 healthy controls. The longitudinal dataset consisted of 19 patients and 19 matched healthy controls present at both the first and the second dataset. Brain segmentation and hippocampal segmentation were fully automated and were based on a spatial normalization to the International Consortium of Brain Mapping (ICBM) non‐linear model. Results: Depressed patients were found to have smaller temporal lobes bilaterally, medulla and right hippocampus at baseline. However, these changes were not found at follow‐up 11 years later. Moreover, these changes did not significantly correlate with the illness outcome. Conclusion: Brain structure changes seem to be state dependent in major depression, only occurring in acute episode of major depression and normalizing after remission. 相似文献
3.
J. Sun J. J. Maller Z. J. Daskalakis C. C. Furtado P. B. Fitzgerald 《Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica》2009,120(4):265-273
Objective: To identify possible differences in the mean midsagittal corpus callosum (CC) total and subdivision areas in treatment‐resistant schizophrenia and depression (TRS and TRD) patients. Method: Areas of the total CC and its five equidistant subregions (from CC1 to CC5) obtained by parallel grid partitioning schemes were manually segmented from brain MRI of 42 TRS, 45 TRD patients and 30 healthy controls. The intracranial volume (ICV) normalized areas were calculated and compared between groups. Results: When compared with controls, patients with TRS had reduced ICV and a larger CC5, and TRD patients had a smaller CC4 while no significant difference in CC total area in patients with TRS or TRD was found. Multiple individual segments and total CC areas were significantly larger in TRS than TRD patients after normalization. Conclusion: Patients with TRS and TRD have different CC morphological characteristics, and therefore there may be aberrant interhemispheric connectivity in schizophrenia and major depressive disorder patients. 相似文献
4.
目的:了解重性抑郁障碍(MDD)或双相障碍抑郁发作患者出现躁狂症状的频率和程度。方法:对52例经简明国际神经精神访谈(MINI)、符合《美国精神障碍诊断与统计手册》第4版(DSMIV)重性抑郁障碍或双相障碍抑郁发作的患者,采用情感障碍评估量表(ADE)评估患者本次抑郁发作中出现的躁狂症状。结果:52例患者中有36例重性抑郁障碍,16例为双相障碍抑郁发作。至少有1条躁狂症状的患者达86.5%(n=45),至少有3条躁狂症状的患者占32.7%(n=17),而没有任何躁狂症状的患者仅占13.5%(n=7)。结论:抑郁发作患者大多存在不同程度的躁狂症状,及时识别这些症状,对诊断与治疗有指导意义。情感障碍评估量表是一个值得应用的评估情感发作的工具。 相似文献
5.
Distinct profiles of neurocognitive function in unmedicated unipolar depression and bipolar II depression. 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Joana V Taylor Tavares Luke Clark Dara M Cannon Kristine Erickson Wayne C Drevets Barbara J Sahakian 《Neuropsychopharmacology》2007,62(8):917-924
BACKGROUND: Studies have demonstrated neuropsychological deficits across a variety of cognitive domains in depression. Few studies have directly compared depressed subjects with major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD), and many are confounded by medication status across subjects. In this study, we compared the performance of unmedicated currently depressed MDD and BD groups on a battery of neuropsychological tests that included measures of risk taking and reflection impulsivity. METHODS: Twenty-two MDD, seventeen BDII, and 25 healthy control subjects (HC), matched for age and IQ, were assessed on a battery of neuropsychological tests. RESULTS: The depressed groups showed comparable ratings of depression severity and age of illness onset. The MDD group was impaired on tests of spatial working memory and attentional shifting, sampled less information on a test of reflection impulsivity, and was oversensitive to loss trials on a decision-making test. The BDII subjects were generally intact and did not differ significantly from control subjects on any test. CONCLUSIONS: These data indicate differing profiles of cognitive impairment in unmedicated depressed MDD versus BDII subjects. Moderately depressed BDII subjects displayed relatively intact cognitive function, whereas MDD subjects demonstrated a broader range of executive impairments. These cognitive deficits in depression were not attributable to current medication status. 相似文献
6.
Sirkka-Liisa Kivel Kimmo Pahkala Pekka Laippala 《International journal of geriatric psychiatry》1991,6(2):81-87
A prospective follow-up of 199 elderly (60 + yr) patients (65 men and 134 women) suffering from dysthymic disorder and 42 elderly (60 + yr) patients (13 men and 29 women) suffering from major depression is described. The mean duration of the follow-up was 15.3 ± 4.3 months for dysthymic men, 15.2 ± 4.4 months for dysthymic women, 15.3 ± 4.0 months for major depressive men and 14.0 ± 4.2 months for major depressive women. Forty-three per cent of the dysthymic men, 38% of the dysthymic women, 39% of the major depressive men and 48% of the major depressive women had a good outcome. In dysthymic men, few visiting contacts were associated with poor outcome. In dysthymic women, poor outcome was associated with many depressive symptoms, low social participation, not living alone, low self-perceived health, intensive diurnal variation of symptoms, low interest in work and activities, low sexual interest, and hypochondrial and compulsive symptoms. In major depressive men, no variable was associated with outcome. In major depressive women, poor outcome was associated with diabetes mellitus, suicidal ideas or attempted suicide, and psychomotor agitation or psychomotor retardation. 相似文献
7.
In a double-blind randomized study the therapeutic effect and safety of alprazolam was compared with amitriptyline in 81 outpatients suffering from major depression. Variable dosages of both drugs were used, the mean final dose of alprazolam being 3.05 and that of amitriptyline 130 mg. Both treatment groups improved steadily, assessed weekly with the use of the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, and no significant differences were found between the groups, either on comparison between single items or total scores. On several of the criteria used for assessment of treatment response, however, more patients responded to amitriptyline than to alprazolam. In an analysis of specific subgroups, patients whose depression was accompanied by retardation, those in whom there were no precipitating factors and those with low levels of anxiety, responded better to amitriptyline. Considerably fewer side effects were reported by patients receiving alprazolam. In particular, there was a significantly lower incidence of dry mouth, light-headedness, tremor and tachycardia in patients receiving alprazolam compared with amitriptyline. 相似文献
8.
G. W. Blair-West G. W. Mellsop M. L. Eyeson-Annan 《Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica》1997,95(3):259-263
For 25 years the medical profession has accepted that of every 100 individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD), 15 subjects will ultimately commit suicide. The present paper demonstrates that the lifetime suicide risk in this condition cannot be so high. Conservative age-specific calculations give a lifetime suicide risk in MDD of 3.5%. Selection of hospital-based, high suicide risk, study populations in the index research, when most sufferers are out-patients, is the primary contributor to the overestimation of suicide risk. Evolving classification systems are a further factor. In terms of suicide risk, MDD is not a homogenous diagnostic category. As has been reliably replicated, the small subgroup of patients who have experienced hospital admission do experience a much greater lifetime suicide risk. 相似文献
9.
Järnum H Eskildsen SF Steffensen EG Lundbye-Christensen S Simonsen CW Thomsen IS Fründ ET Théberge J Larsson EM 《Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica》2011,124(6):435-446
Järnum H, Eskildsen SF, Steffensen EG, Lundbye‐Christensen S, Simonsen CW, Thomsen IS, Fründ E‐T, Théberge J, Larsson E‐M. Longitudinal MRI study of cortical thickness, perfusion, and metabolite levels in major depressive disorder. Objective: To determine whether patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) display morphologic, functional, and metabolic brain abnormalities in limbic‐cortical regions at a baseline magnetic resonance (MR) scan and whether these changes are normalized in MDD patients in remission at a follow‐up scan. Method: A longitudinal 3.0‐Tesla (T) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study was carried out with cortical thickness measurements with a surface‐based approach, perfusion measurements with three‐dimensional (3D) pseudo‐continuous arterial spin labeling (pCASL), and spectroscopy (1H‐MRS) measurements in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) with water as an internal reference adjusted for cerebrospinal fluid content. We examined 23 MDD patients and 26 healthy controls. MDD patients underwent a baseline MRI at inclusion and were invited to a follow‐up scan when they were in remission or after a 6‐month follow‐up period. Results: Major findings were a significantly thinner posterior cingulate cortex in non‐remitters than in remitters, a significant decrease in perfusion in the frontal lobes and the ACC in non‐remitters compared with healthy controls at baseline and significantly reduced N‐acetylaspartate, myo‐inositol, and glutamate levels in MDD patients compared with healthy controls at baseline. Conclusion: Using novel MRI techniques, we have found abnormalities in cerebral regions related to cortical‐limbic pathways in MDD patients. 相似文献
10.
T. Frodl J. Stauber N. Schaaff N. Koutsouleris J. Scheuerecker M. Ewers M. Omerovic M. Opgen‐Rhein H. Hampel M. Reiser H.‐J. Möller E. Meisenzahl 《Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica》2010,121(2):111-118
Frodl T, Stauber J, Schaaff N, Koutsouleris N, Scheuerecker J, Ewers M, Omerovic M, Opgen‐Rhein M, Hampel H, Reiser M, Möller H.‐J, Meisenzahl E. Amygdala reduction in patients with ADHD compared with major depression and healthy volunteers. Objective: Results in adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) on structural brain changes and the clinical relevance are contradictory. The aim of this study was to investigate whether in adult patients with ADHD hippocampal or amygdala volumes differs from that in healthy controls and patients with major depression (MD). Method: Twenty patients with ADHD, 20 matched patients with MD and 20 healthy controls were studied with high resolution magnetic resonance imaging. Results: Amygdala volumes in patients with ADHD were bilaterally smaller than in patients with MD and healthy controls. In ADHD, more hyperactivity and less inattention were associated with smaller right amygdala volumes, and more symptoms of depression with larger amygdala volumes. Conclusion: This study supports findings that the amygdala plays an important role in the systemic brain pathophysiology of ADHD. Whether patients with ADHD and larger amygdala volumes are more vulnerable to affective disorders needs further investigation. 相似文献
