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1.
Japan started the national project “COURSE 50” for CO2 reduction in the 2000s. This project aimed to establish novel technologies to reduce CO2 emissions with partially utilization of hydrogen in blast furnace-based ironmaking by 30% by around 2030 and use it for practical applications by 2050. The idea is that instead of coke, hydrogen is used as the reducing agent, leading to lower fossil fuel consumption in the process. It has been reported that the reduction behavior of hematite, magnetite, calcium ferrite, and slag in the sinter is different, and it is also considerably influenced by the sinter morphology. This study aimed to investigate the reduction behavior of sinters in hydrogen enriched blast furnace with different mineral morphologies in CO–CO2–H2 mixed gas. As an experimental sample, two sinter samples with significantly different hematite and magnetite ratios were prepared to compare their reduction behaviors. The reduction of wustite to iron was carried out at 1000, 900, and 800°C in a CO–CO2–H2 atmosphere for the mineral morphology-controlled sinter, and the following findings were obtained. The reduction rate of smaller amount of FeO led to faster increase of the reduction rate curve at the initial stage of reduction. Macro-observations of reduced samples showed that the reaction proceeded from the outer periphery of the sample toward the inside, and a reaction interface was observed where reduced iron and wustite coexisted. Micro-observations revealed three layers, namely, wustite single phase in the center zone of the sample, iron single phase in the outer periphery zone of the sample, and iron oxide-derived wustite FeO and iron, or calcium ferrite-derived wustite 'FeO' and iron in the reaction interface zone. A two-interface unreacted core model was successfully applied for the kinetic analysis of the reduction reaction, and obtained temperature dependent expressions of the chemical reaction coefficients from each mineral phases.  相似文献   

2.
NH4HCO3 conversion followed by HCl leaching was performed and proven to be effective in extracting Pb and Sr from zinc extracted residual. The mechanism and operating conditions of NH4HCO3 conversion, including molar ratio of NH4HCO3 to zinc extracted residual, NH4HCO3 concentration, conversion temperature, conversion time, and stirring velocity, were discussed, and operating conditions were optimized by the orthogonal test. Experimental results indicate that NH4HCO3 conversion at temperatures ranging from 25 to 85°C follows the shrinking unreacted core model and is controlled by inner diffusion through the product layer. The extraction ratios of Pb and Sr under optimized conditions reached 85.15% and 87.08%, respectively. Moreover, the apparent activation energies of Pb and Sr were 13.85 and 13.67 kJ·mol?1, respectively.  相似文献   

3.
《矿物冶金与材料学报》2021,28(12):2001-2007
Graphene oxide (GO) wrapped Fe3O4 nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by coating the Fe3O4 NPs with a SiO2 layer, and then modifying by amino groups, which interact with the GO nanosheets to form covalent bonding. The SiO2 coating layer plays a key role in integrating the magnetic nanoparticles with the GO nanosheets. The effect of the amount of SiO2 on the morphology, structure, adsorption, and regenerability of the composites was studied in detail. An appropriate SiO2 layer can effectively induce the GO nanosheets to completely wrap the Fe3O4 NPs, forming a core-shell Fe3O4@SiO2@GO composite where Fe3O4@SiO2 NPs are firmly encapsulated by GO nanosheets. The optimized Fe3O4@SiO2@GO sample exhibits a high saturated adsorption capacity of 253 mg·g?1 Pb(II) cations from wastewater, and the adsorption process is well fitted by Langmuir adsorption model. Notably, the composite displays excellent regeneration, maintaining a ~90% adsorption capacity for five cycles, while other samples decrease their adsorption capacity rapidly. This work provides a theoretical guidance to improve the regeneration of the GO-based adsorbents.  相似文献   

4.
In this work, different magnesium silicate mineral samples based on antigorite, lizardite, chrysotile (which have the same general formula Mg3Si2O5(OH)4), and talc (Mg3Si4O10(OH)2) were reacted with KOH to prepare catalysts for biodiesel production. Simple impregnation with 20wt% K and treatment at 700–900°C led to a solid-state reaction to mainly form the K2MgSiO4 phase in all samples. These results indicate that the K ion can diffuse into the different Mg silicate structures and textures, likely through intercalation in the interlayer space of the different mineral samples followed by dehydroxylation and K2MgSiO4 formation. All the materials showed catalytic activity for the transesterification of soybean oil (1:6 of oil : methanol molar ratio, 5wt% of catalyst, 60°C). However, the best results were obtained for the antigorite and chrysotile precursors, which are discussed in terms of mineral structure and the more efficient formation of the active phase K2MgSiO4.  相似文献   

5.
《矿物冶金与材料学报》2021,28(9):1397-1412
As the world’s second largest economy experiencing rapid economic growth, China has a huge demand for metals and energy. In recent years, China ranks first, among all the countries in the world, in the production and consumption of several metals such as copper, gold, and rare earth elements. Bioleaching, which is an approach for mining low grade and refractory ores, has been applied in industrial production, and bioleaching has made great contributions to the development of the Chinese mining industry. The exploration and application of bioleaching in China are reviewed in this study. Production and consumption trends of several metals in China over the past decade are reviewed. Technological processes at key bioleaching operations in China, such as at the Zijinshan Copper Mine and Mianhuakeng Uranium Mine, are presented. Also, the current challenges faced by bioleaching operations in China are introduced. Moreover, prospects such as efficiency improvement and environmental protection are proposed based on the current situation in the Chinese bioleaching industry.  相似文献   

6.
The butt welds of 4-mm thick 5A06 aluminum alloy plates were produced by adjustable-gap bobbin-tool friction stir travel with travel speeds of 200, 300, and 400 mm/min in this study. The microstructure was studied using optical microscopy and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). Tensile tests and microhardness measurements were performed to identify the effect of the travel speed on the joint mechanical properties. Sound joints were obtained at 200 mm/min while voids were present at different positions of the joints as the travel speed increased. The EBSD results show that the grain size, high angle grain boundaries, and density of geometrically necessary dislocations in different regions of the joint vary depending on the recovery and recrystallization behavior. Specific attention was given to the relationship between the local microstructure and mechanical properties. Microhardness measurements show that the average hardness of the stir zone (SZ) was greater than that of the base material, which was only affected slightly by the travel speed. The tensile strength of the joint decreased with increasing travel speed and the maximal strength efficiency reached 99%.  相似文献   

7.
Coalfield fires are considered a global crisis that contributes significantly to environmental destruction and loss of coal resources and poses a serious threat to human safety and health. In this paper, research related to the initiation, development, and evolution of coalfield fires is reviewed. The existing detection and control techniques of coalfield fires are also reviewed. Traditional firefighting is associated with waste of resources, potential risks of recrudescence, potential safety hazards, extensive and expensive engineering works, and power shortages. Recently, coalfield fires have been recognized as having significant potential for energy conservation and heat energy recovery. Thermoelectric power generation is regarded as a suitable technology for the utilization of heat from coalfield fires. The extraction of heat from coalfield fires can also control coalfield fires and prevent reignition leading to combustion. Technologies for absorbing heat from burning coal and overlying rocks are also analyzed. In addition, the control mode of “three-region linkage” is proposed to improve firefighting efficiency. Integrating heat energy recovery with firefighting is an innovative method to control coalfield fires.  相似文献   

8.
A high-building multi-directional pipe joint (HBMDPJ) was fabricated by wire and arc additive manufacturing using high-strength low-alloy (HSLA) steel. The microstructure characteristics and transformation were observed and analyzed. The results show that the forming part includes four regions. The solidification zone solidifies as typical columnar crystals from a molten pool. The complete austenitizing zone forms from the solidification zone heated to a temperature greater than 1100°C, and the typical columnar crystals in this zone are difficult to observe. The partial austenitizing zone forms from the completely austenite zone heated between Ac1 (austenite transition temperature) and 1100°C, which is mainly equiaxed grains. After several thermal cycles, the partial austenitizing zone transforms to the tempering zone, which consistes of fully equiaxed grains. From the solidification zone to the tempering zone, the average grain size decreases from 75 to 20 μm. The mechanical properties of HBMDPJ satisfies the requirement for the intended application.  相似文献   

9.
Nano graphene platelet (Gr) reinforced nano composites with a zinc–aluminum alloy (ZA27) matrix were produced by powder metallurgy at four different mass ratios (0.5wt%, 1.0wt%, 2.0wt% and 4.0wt%) and three different sintering temperatures (425, 450, and 475°C). In order to investigate the effect of sintering temperatures and nano graphene reinforcement materials on the composite structure, the microstructures of the composite samples were investigated and their densities were determined with a scanning electron microscope. Hardness, transverse rupture, and abrasion wear tests were performed to determine the mechanical properties. According to the test results, the porosity increased and the mechanical strength of the nano composites decreased as the amount of nano graphene reinforcement in ZA27 increased. However, when the composites produced in different reinforcement ratios were evaluated, the increase in sintering temperature increased the mechanical structure by positively affecting the composite structure.  相似文献   

10.
《矿物冶金与材料学报》2020,27(9):1251-1258
A Monte Carlo Potts model was developed to simulate the recrystallization process of a cold-rolled ultra-thin grain-oriented silicon steel. The orientation and image quality data from electron backscatter diffraction measurements were used as input information for simulation. Three types of nucleation mechanisms, namely, random nucleation, high-stored-energy site nucleation (HSEN), and high-angle boundary nucleation (HABN), were considered for simulation. In particular, the nucleation and growth behaviors of Goss-oriented ({011}<100>) grains were investigated. Results showed that Goss grains had a nucleation advantage in HSEN and HABN. The amount of Goss grains was the highest according to HABN, and it matched the experimental measurement. However, Goss grains lacked a size advantage across all mechanisms during the recrystallization process.  相似文献   

11.
英语同义词特点之初探   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
就英语同义词在语义上的不同、感情色彩上的不同、语体色彩上的不同、词汇搭配上的不同、语法功能上的不同、不同国家选词上的不同等六个方面进行论述。  相似文献   

12.
饱和含水土壤埋地原油管道冬季停输温降   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
建立了饱和含水土壤埋地原油管道在低于冰点环境温度下的停输流动和传热模型,该模型不仅考虑土壤水分结冰和管内原油凝固相变过程与初始温度场和流场的影响,而且考虑了水分在土壤多孔介质中和管内原油的自然对流。通过数值模拟,获得了停输期间温度场、流场以及土壤水分结冰界面和管道中原油凝固界面的分布情况。结果表明,停输期间越靠近管壁正上方的土壤,其温度梯度越大;受温度分布的影响,土壤水分和管内原油产生沿y轴对称线自下而上的自然对流;土壤水分结冰界面和管道中原油凝固界面随停输时间向埋深方向推进,管道顶部土壤中的结冰界面推进速度较远离管道土壤中的结冰界面缓慢,管内原油凝固界面也向埋深方向偏移。  相似文献   

13.
和谐--最高的审美理想   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
和谐是中国人最高的审美理想,其表现是:认为美存在于和谐之中,美的本质是和谐;追求人与自然的和谐,把“天人合一”作为最高的审美境界;追求和谐的社会关系,要求人与社会的关系和谐,要使家庭和谐,要使人与人之间的关系和谐;追求和谐的艺术,认为艺术的本质是和谐,艺术的作用是对人的心理与社会进行调节,使人的心理与社会关系和谐,文艺作品追求和谐的美。  相似文献   

14.
15.
本文推测了中国未来英语教学的状况。文章简要介绍了中国目前使用的英语教学法;在未来的十年中,英语的教和学可能产生的变化;探讨了学生可能产生的变化及他们学习英语原因的变化;英语语言及网络的发展可能对中国的英语教育产生的影响;以及英语教师们如何看待未来他们的工作。  相似文献   

16.
基于茶园土壤中0~100 cm剖面不同层位各种形态铅及茶叶样品中总铅质量分数(w)的测定分析结果,定量分析了各种形态铅在不同土壤层位中的叫及其分布特点,同时利用灰色关联度分析方法,估算了土壤剖面不同层位中5个形态铅即可交换态(EXE)、碳酸盐结合态(CA)、铁锰氧化物结合态(OX)、有机结合态(OM)和残渣态(REX)的w与茶叶中总铅硼的相关性.研究结果显示:茶园土壤中不同形态铅w在所测剖面范围内的平均值由大到小排序为:叫(REX):>w(OX)>硼(0M)>w(CA)>w(EXE);同一剖面内铅的分布特点为:w(EXE),w(OM),w(REX)为表层高于底层,w(CA)和w(OX)则是底层高于表层;各形态铅所占总铅的比例,随其在土壤剖面各层中w值的变化而变化,其中 EXE铅在各土壤层中所占比例最小,REX铅所占比例最大(除底层外);灰色关联度分析结果显示,茶叶中的铅叫与不同形态铅在土壤各层中的w均呈正相关,但关联度最大的是EXE铅,其次为OM铅,且以表层土壤中的铅对茶叶中铅的w影响最大.  相似文献   

17.
小荚蛏消化酶活性的季节变化   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
研究了小荚蛏蛋白酶、淀粉酶和纤维素酶在不同季节的活力变化。结果表明:三种消化酶的活力在不同季节差异极显著。纤维素酶的活力大小为:冬季>秋季>春季和夏季;蛋白酶的活力大小为:春季和秋季>冬季和夏季;淀粉酶的活力大小为:秋季>冬季和春季>夏季;三种消化酶的活力均为夏季最低。  相似文献   

18.
草原火烧后植物群落生产及其产量空间结构的变化   总被引:8,自引:2,他引:6  
研究了草原火烧后植物群落生产及其产量空间结构的变化。结果表明,草原春季火一,由于当降水充分,火烧地植物群落产生提高;第二年降水不足,火 植物群落产量低于未烧地。火烧地植群落地上生产量的绝对增长率高于未烧地。火 植物群落地下生物量在火烧后当年升高,第二年降低。  相似文献   

19.
苔藓植物是植物区系的一个重要组成部分,但我国对校园微环境苔藓植物多样性变化的研究仍处于空白阶段.2010年通过样方布设法对内蒙古大学校园内的苔藓植物进行采集,并通过镜下观察,将2010年所采集的标本与内蒙古大学馆藏1964年同样地的标本进行鉴定与比较.整理出1964年有苔藓植物9科、19属、31种,以耐旱藓类和生态幅度宽的藓类植物为主,2010年有12科、20属、42种,除了适应性强的藓类植物外,还增加了一些喜阴湿环境的苔藓植物,物种组成较早年丰富;区系地理成分均以北温带及世界广布种为主,这是研究地大环境地理气候决定的;两个年代苔藓植物物种相似性系数为0.4384,物种相似性较高;1964年校园内生境类型单一,分布物种较少,随着校园的建设,2010年生境类型多样,新增物种及校园内大多数物种主要集中分布于人工林、楼群背阴及开阔地湿润土生生境,另外,校园硬化、裸土面积减少、原水湿环境丧失导致了早年分布的部分物种退出校园环境,突显了生境多样性及环境变化对物种丰富度及分布的影响.  相似文献   

20.
宋超  巫冷蝉  李斌  周浩郎  梁文 《广西科学》2020,27(3):319-325
通过对广西山口红树林自然保护区英罗港红树林湿地表层沉积物粒度和重金属Zn、Cu、Pb、Cd的分析,探讨重金属在红树林表层沉积物中的存在形态和分布规律。本文发现英罗港红树林林内表层沉积物粉砂和黏土所占比例高于光滩,并且林内沉积物Zn、Cu、Pb、Cd含量均高于光滩。表层沉积物中粉砂和黏土所占比例与重金属含量呈显著正相关,符合重金属的粒度效应。英罗港表层沉积物Zn、Cu、Pb、Cd平均含量低于国内其他主要红树林生长区域,表明该地区表层沉积物重金属污染相对较小。英罗港红树林沉积物重金属主要存在形态为残渣态,表明该区域重金属元素生物有效性较小。红树林林内沉积物非残渣态可氧化态重金属所占比例较高,这与红树林沉积物富含有机质和硫化物有关。光滩沉积物可还原态所占比例较高,这可能是光滩沉积物的砂质较多,通气性好,呈现氧化性的结果。  相似文献   

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